Peer review

The physico-chemical, nutritional, cooking, and milling properties of rice play a crucial role in shaping consumer preferences and market demand in Nepal. This study conducted a comprehensive investigation of the major rice quality parameters of 30 fine and aromatic rice landraces, collected from different regions of the country, as potential alternatives to imported improved rice cultivars. Statistical analysis revealed that the amylose content in Sunaulo Sugandha (25.6%) and Hiupuri (27.1%) was higher than that of the check cultivars (Kalanamak: 14.3% and Samba Masuli Sub-1: 18.2%). The rice landraces were comparable to the check cultivars in terms of kernel length to breadth ratio (3.4–3.6), which ranged from medium to long and slender. The milling and head rice recovery for Balamsari Dhan and Lalka Basmati exceeded 70%, while the check cultivars had values below 60%. Furthermore, correlation analysis demonstrated a positive and highly significant relationship between amylose content and length to breadth ratio (r = 0.59***), as well as between milling recovery and head rice recovery (r = 0.69***). A positive and significant correlation (r = 0.33*) was also observed between milling recovery and grain yield. Balamsari Dhan (12.30%), Kalo Masino Dhan (11.90%), and Bayarni Masino (11.40%) were identified for higher crude protein content. This study uncovered substantial variability among the landraces across various traits, highlighting their potential for use in breeding programs aimed at improving both quality and yield components of rice.

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