Abstract only

Barley grain is an indispensable raw material for brewery and food industry, being also widely used as a concentrated feed in animal breeding. The- refore, the yield raising of the crop is of a great importance for national economy. In Uzbekistan, barley is predominantly rep- resented by hulled winter and spring forms. A re- latively less spread of winter barleys in Uzbekistan is associated with their low winter hardiness, much lesser than that of wheat and rye. With regard to the agricultural practice, barley's importance can hardly be overestimated for Uzbekistan. The role of barley is also great in the capacity of a cover crop for perennial grasses. Its early harvest contri- butes to the early release of the grasses from herbage cover and provides to their good development by the late summerand in autumn. In order to extend the area sown to barley under dryland and irrigated conditions of Uzbekistan, new varieties with of2.0- 2.5 t/ha under dryland and 6.5- 7.0 t/ha under irrigated conditions, with the grain protein content of not less than 9-11 %, starch 60-65% and extractive ability no less than 75% ofthe dry weight are needed. At the same time, they must be resistant to various biotic and abiotic stresses. In the food direction, the barley variety should possess the most valuable grain quality with a high content of protein -13-15% and a balanced contentofamino acids-3.0-3.5%. Lately, the Laboratory of Selection and Seed- growing of UZNIIZZBKP has been receiving a great number of barley samples from international centers ICARDA (International Center for Agricultural Research in Dry Areas) and CIMMYT (International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, Mexico) on a yearly basis. As a result of study of new barley varieties from the international nurseries, a number of promising lines with valuable economic traits have been selected. Highly productive two-row and six- row forms of barley have been selected from various nurseries. In addition, we have studied the vegetation period, resistance to diseases and pests, as well as to lodging, plant height, 1OOO-kernel weight and yield of the varieties under dryland and irrigated conditions. The nursery IEBON-CH-CW -01 , the so- called early variety observation nursery, included in 2001 up to 100 lines of barley. From this nursery two early-ripening lines YEA26-5/1306 and CAR/ RM1508/COSS/5/ were selected, which were found to be by 7-9 days more early ripening than the standard local varieties. From nursery IWBPYT, where high-yielding varieties of barley were included, early-ripening lines PAMIR-147 , PAMIR- 010/Torchmir, Narcis/K-332/, Sonata Pamir-014 have been selected. Heading in these varieties started 6-9 days earlier as compared with the stan- dard locally released varieties. The barley varieties selected from the above nursery have outcropped the standard by 48.0g according to 1000-kemel weight indicator. Grain yield per area is the main indicator of the variety, which is closely associated with all the elements of productivity. In our trials, some lines of barley showed high yield under conditions of irrigated cropping as compared with the standard varieties. These varieties include the following barley lines of a new supply: Pamir-146\Pamir-064 (510 g/m2), CWB ] l7-5-9-5 (530 g/m2), Alpha/dura/Pamir-01 0 (520 glm2), Alpha/ dura/IBB- 10912 (550 g/m2), Pamir-010-Sonata- 3768 (560 g/m2), Dundu/Pamir-153 (540 g/m2), Narcis/Tirchmir- 38 (580 g/m2), Pamir- 169/KT -2054 (550g/m2), CWB-117-77-9-7/ (520 g/m2). Also have been selected barley varieties Pamir-010/Sonata- 3768 (380 g/m2), Sadik-02 (330 g/m2), CWB-117-5- 95 Plaisant (350 g/m2), NE-89747 Pamir-065 (340 g/m2), Xemus \Rhn-03 (380 g/m2), Sonata\GK Omega (340 g/m2), Sadik-03 (340 g/m2) to be grown in dryland areas ofthe Republic. The 2001-2002 crop season was found to be humid and created favorable conditions for deve- loping various diseases, which enabled us to select under natural conditions the lines most resistant to diseases (helminthosporiosis, rhinchosporiosis.and powdery mildew). Studying a collection of barley for resistance to diseases in 2001 -2002 showed the absence of the absolutely resistant barley lines. The extent of susceptibility of barley varieties of various geogra- phical origin is different. According to resistance to complex diseases and pests in the check nursery, the following lines were selected: IWBYT -00-47 , IWBYT -00-62, IWBCB-00-92, IWBCB-00-34 H IWBCB-00- 15, which, thereafter, were entered in the hybridization process in order to transfer resistance genes to newly developed barley varieties. All the varieties selected by specific attributes were included in the nursery of crosses and passed through 120 hybrid combinations with local varieties. At present, there are all possibilities for Uzbek breeders to cope with the task of developing new barley varieties suitable for growing under the country's conditions.

English

0409|AGRIS 0401|AL-Wheat Program

Juan Carlos Mendieta

CIMMYT Publications Collection