Abstract only

Seeking for informative criteria of general adaptability (GA) of one of the main commercial crops in Kazakhstan -barley -is needed to identify fundamental mechanisms of physiological and genetic adaptation and combining ability of various barley sources and donors, and to monitor grain quality and its promotion in the market. Diversity and complexity of natural factors, influencing the plants during its growth, lead to principal difficulties in developing a theory and methods of physiological and genetic criteria identification to describe adaptation potential of agricultural crops including barley (Zhuchenko, 1988). Large perspectives in this regard are opened when germplasm of wild relatives is utilized in improving stress resistance and productivity -for example, incorporation of these valuable traits from H. Spontaneum K. (Nevo, Beilis, et al, 1986; Turuspekov,Abugalieva, et al., 2003). Previously, we determined that such yield contributors as plant height, number of productive tillers, number of grain per plant can be used as indicators at variability of the environment for production and wild barley (Abugalieva et al,2002). The goal of this research is screening of the wild and domesticated genetic material for GA physiological and biochemical parameters: zero proline content in grain, protein content and its fractions based on the methodology (Tajibayeva, Abugalieva, 2001; Peruanskyi, et al, 1996). A statistical processing of the data was conducted according to the methodology of Savin (Savin, et al, 1998). Populations of wild and domesticated (cultured) barley forms were reproduced based on a common methodology (Essimbekova et al., 1999). Wild barley included 20 populations of H. Spontaneum K. and aruar and star from Israel and Turkmenistan (Volis, 2001), as well as 100 lines, reproduced in NRCCRF in 1999-2002; H vulgare included 20 released and promising Kazakhstan . varieties. Given that proline acts as a potential reserve source of nitrogen and energy, and as an important mediator in metabolism in stressed and resting tissue, we conducted monitoring and differentiation of proline accumulation in the grain of wild and cultured barley. Varieties of cultured barley were characterized by lower changeability in proline content if compared to israeli and Turkmen populations (0,2:2,2 :1,8). Check varieties were intermediate between israeli and Turkmen populations for average proline content value. Depending on the year and cultivation site, a variability of proline accumulation in wild and cultured barley was established. The reproduced material of the 2002 harvest of wild and cultured barleys differed with higher proline content in grain. A high variability of protein content in barley of wild forms from Israel (15,1 to 19,6%) and Turkmenistan (14,2 to 16,8%) was identified. In cultured barley protein content in grain was lower and varied, mainly, between 12 and 14%. Variability of this trait in winter and spring barley was observed: winter- 7,1-13,1%; spring- 8,8 -19,7%. Varieties of spring and winter barley were characterized with stable protein content over years and across diverse growing conditions. For brewing purposes low hordein content is required. Protein content in cultured barley was formed mainly by water and salt soluble fraction (26-42% of total in winter and 22-37% spring). Wild forms were characterized by prevailed hordein (26-37% of the total in Turkmen and 27-35% of the total in Israeli populations). Correlation of the fractions was differentiated not only by varieties, but also by growing conditions. Lines, mainly representing Israeli material, with high protein content and significant share of alcohol-soluble fraction were identified. The results achieved suggest that an integral, complex approach is needed in identifying AG criteria, based on study of physiological, biochemical, genetic and agronomic traits of barley. These criteria are: free proline content, protein content and its fractions in the grain ofwild and cultured barley.

English

0409|AGRIS 0401|AL-Wheat Program

Juan Carlos Mendieta

CIMMYT Publications Collection