Application of gamma-rays in haricot breeding
Zardiashvili, G.
Application of gamma-rays in haricot breeding - Tbilisi (Georgia) CIMMYT : 2004 - p. 410-411 - Printed
Abstract only
Haricot is an important food legume crop, which is widely used in farming. It is the main vegetable source of amino acids for the human organism. Its high nutritional value is determined by high content of proteins and vitamins. In Georgia registered haricot varieties do not meet modem demands. Namely, they are not suitable for mechanized cultivation due to the weak stem and inclination to lodging. Grain quality is poor as well. The aim of haricot breeding is development of high yielding varieties adapted to mechanized cultivation, thick-stemmed, lodging and diseases resistant, with the firm attachment of beans, early maturing and of high nutritive value. Recent world scientific practice has shown that the experimental mutagenesis, in particular, irradiation combined with hybridization, enables for the development of new varieties of haricot meeting all the above listed requirements. We have combined gamma-radiation with hybridization in our experiments for breeding of new forms of haricot. We have applied quite a new method involving irradiation of haricot flower pollen with comparatively small doses (20-30-40 g.) of gamma rays. Selection of plants for crossing was scientifical1y well grounded. The well-investigated forms kept at nurseries were applied. We have selected thick-stemmed, lodging resistant varieties with the firmly attached bean-pods preserving intact, crack resistant pellicle preventing grain loss. Among the hybrids developed by us through the combined effects of radiation and hybridization, the most perspective appeared to be the combination / ~ Pinto ~ x ~ Sataya ~ /, which passed state variety test and was registered as a new variety Zahesura 2002. Haricot variety Zahesura 2002 yields grain as much as 10-11 c/ha. The variety is early maturing, lodging resistant, stunt bush, draught tolerant, resistant to rust and anthracnose, with firmly attached, less shattering pods, which is fit for the mechanized cultivation. Grains easily boil and are very tasty. This grain variety was released for the 8th and 9th zones of Georgia. Thus, we can conclude that the new pros- pective varieties of haricot can be developed through the application of irradiation combined with hy- bridization.
English
Experimentation
Food crops
Hybridization
Protein content
Quality
Varieties
Vegetable crops
Vitamins
Farming systems
CIMMYT
633.1147 / BED
Application of gamma-rays in haricot breeding - Tbilisi (Georgia) CIMMYT : 2004 - p. 410-411 - Printed
Abstract only
Haricot is an important food legume crop, which is widely used in farming. It is the main vegetable source of amino acids for the human organism. Its high nutritional value is determined by high content of proteins and vitamins. In Georgia registered haricot varieties do not meet modem demands. Namely, they are not suitable for mechanized cultivation due to the weak stem and inclination to lodging. Grain quality is poor as well. The aim of haricot breeding is development of high yielding varieties adapted to mechanized cultivation, thick-stemmed, lodging and diseases resistant, with the firm attachment of beans, early maturing and of high nutritive value. Recent world scientific practice has shown that the experimental mutagenesis, in particular, irradiation combined with hybridization, enables for the development of new varieties of haricot meeting all the above listed requirements. We have combined gamma-radiation with hybridization in our experiments for breeding of new forms of haricot. We have applied quite a new method involving irradiation of haricot flower pollen with comparatively small doses (20-30-40 g.) of gamma rays. Selection of plants for crossing was scientifical1y well grounded. The well-investigated forms kept at nurseries were applied. We have selected thick-stemmed, lodging resistant varieties with the firmly attached bean-pods preserving intact, crack resistant pellicle preventing grain loss. Among the hybrids developed by us through the combined effects of radiation and hybridization, the most perspective appeared to be the combination / ~ Pinto ~ x ~ Sataya ~ /, which passed state variety test and was registered as a new variety Zahesura 2002. Haricot variety Zahesura 2002 yields grain as much as 10-11 c/ha. The variety is early maturing, lodging resistant, stunt bush, draught tolerant, resistant to rust and anthracnose, with firmly attached, less shattering pods, which is fit for the mechanized cultivation. Grains easily boil and are very tasty. This grain variety was released for the 8th and 9th zones of Georgia. Thus, we can conclude that the new pros- pective varieties of haricot can be developed through the application of irradiation combined with hy- bridization.
English
Experimentation
Food crops
Hybridization
Protein content
Quality
Varieties
Vegetable crops
Vitamins
Farming systems
CIMMYT
633.1147 / BED