000			03815naa a22003977a 4500
001			G97717
003			MX-TxCIM
005			20240919020912.0
008			240401s2012 mx ||||| |||| 00| 0 eng d
040			_aMX-TxCIM
041			_aeng
090			_aCIS-7044
100	1		_9781 _aKumar, V. _gSustainable Intensification Program _8I1705444
245	1	0	_aChapter 3. Effect of tillage and crop establishment methods on yield, profitability, and soil physical properties under a rice-wheat rotation in the Indo-Gangetic Plains
260			_aMexico, D.F. : _bCIMMYT, _c2012.
520			_aRice–wheat rotations (Oryza sativa L.–Triticum aestivum L.) are the major cropping systems in the Indo-Gangetic Plains of South Asia, occupying 13.5 million ha. The current conventional practices for growing rice (puddled transplanting) and wheat (conventional tillage) are deteriorating the soil and are input intensive, resulting in declining natural resources, increasing input costs, and reducing profitability. A field trial was conducted at the Sardar Vallabbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology (SVPUA&T), Meerut (UP), India for 2 years .The trial was carried out to study the effect of tillage and crop establishment methods on yield, profitability and soil physical properties in a rice–wheat rotation. The six tillage and crop establishment treatments included puddled transplanting (conventional, rotavator) and direct seeding of rice (DSR; with or without tillage) followed by wheat in (conventional tillage; CT and zero tillage; ZT). Tillage and crop establishment practices significantly influenced the physical properties of soil. Average infiltration was highest (0.10 cm hr-1) in ZT DSR-ZT DSW and lowest in farmers’ practice (FP) of puddling and CT (0.05 cm hr-1). The bulk density of the16–20 cm soil layer was the highest in FP-FP (1.73 t m-3) and lowest in the double no-till (ZT DSR-ZT HSW) treatment (1.70 t m-3). Average rice yield was highest in RT TPR-ZT DSW (4.13 t ha-1) and lowest in farmers’ practice, FP-FP (3.70 t ha-1). Direct seeded rice (ZT and CT) had a higher grain yield (5%) than FP of transplanted rice (CT-TPR).Wheat yield, on average, was 23% higher in zero till with residue (ZT DSR-ZT HSW) than FP of conventional tillage (FP-FP). Overall, ZT DSR-ZT HSW had the highest net returns (approximately US$2,017) and FP-FP had the lowest (approximately US$1,474) in the rice–wheat system. Our results from the 2 year study show that the conventional practice of transplanting and tillage could be successfully replaced by double no till (conservation agriculture) in a rice–wheat rotation. However, future work towards the fine tuning of ZT, particularly on rice and wheat varieties selected specifically under no till conditions, is important for the sustainability of the conservation agriculture system.
536			_aConservation Agriculture Program
546			_aText in English
594			_aINT3262|INT3072
595			_aCSC
650		7	_919955 _aPlant establishment _2AGROVOC
650		7	_91792 _aDirect sowing _2AGROVOC
650		7	_91243 _aRice _2AGROVOC
650		7	_91310 _aWheat
650		7	_91807 _aCrop rotation _2AGROVOC
650		7	_925477 _aRotary tillers _2AGROVOC
650		7	_91832 _aTillage _2AGROVOC
700	1		_aGathala, M.K. _gSustainable Intensification Program _gSustainable Agrifood Systems _8INT3262 _9911
700	1		_92059 _aSaharawat, Y.S.
700	1		_aKumar, R. _9560
700	1		_aJat, M.L. _gFormerly Sustainable Intensification Program _gFormerly Sustainable Agrifood Systems _8INT3072 _9889
700	1		_aKrishna, D. _933445
700	1		_aMishra, A. _92525
773	0		_dMexico, DF (Mexico) : CIMMYT, 2012. _gp. 11-20 _tCompendium of deliverables of the conservation agriculture course 2012 _wG97426
942			_cBP _2ddc _n0
999			_c8530 _d8530