000			03641nam a22003017a 4500
001			G94908
003			MX-TxCIM
005			20221114210256.0
008			121211s ||||f| 0 p|p||0|| |
040			_aMX-TxCIM
041			_aeng
090			_aCIS-6286
100	1		_9861 _aMahuku, G. _gGlobal Maize Program _8INT2822
245	1	0	_aVarietal improvement for managing Aspergillus flavus and aflatoxin in maize
260			_c2010. _aPulau Pinang (Malaysia) : _bUniversiti Sains Malaysia ; _bCIMMYT,
300			_a1 page
500			_aAbstract only
520			_aAflatoxins have emerged as a major concern in agriculture and health sectors because of their deleterious effects on human and animal health and ubiquitous presence of aflatoxigenic fungi in many agricultural commodities under field and storage conditions. Although several strategies can be used to aflatoxins, no single strategy has been effective. An integrated approach that emphasize host plant resistance as the main component is most likely to be effective, as use of resistant varieties and hybrids is the most economic and user friendly strategy, especially for small holder farmers in developing countries. To date, no varieties or hybrids with complete resistance have been developed. This is because the extent of aflatoxin contamination of maize is influenced by several abiotic (such as drought, low soil fertility and high temperatures).and biotic (such as insect damage, and susceptibility to diseases) factors, and several plant traits (husk cover and tightness, physical and chemical characteristics of the pericarp). The plethora of characteristics associated with tolerance / resistance to A. flavus and aflatoxin contamination reveal the complexity of this trait and why no single strategy is likely to be effective. A combination of approaches designed to prevent the fungus from reaching and invading the crop, prevent the fungus from colonizing, spreading and producing the toxin need to be harnessed to develop A. flavus and aflatoxin resistant / tolerant maize lines and hybrids. CIMMYT has successfully identified and developed maize lines and hybrids with high levels of resistance to biotic (insect pest and pathogens), and abiotic stresses (drought, and low N), and has identified several inbred lines with acceptable levels of A. flavus resistance (such as CML 269, CML 176, CML495, CML 52, CML 342). We are combining tolerance to drought, low nitrogen with resistance to ear feeding insects, foliar diseases, A. flavus and aflatoxin, to generate lines and hybrids with resistance to aspergillus ear rots and aflatoxin, and improved agronomic performance. Progress to developing multiple stress tolerant germplasm will depend on (i) availability of well validated sources of A. flavus and aflatoxin resistance, and other predisposing factors (ii) reliable phenotyping protocols and capacity to screen large segregating populations; and (iii) availability of robust and cheap techniques to quantify aflatoxin. We are using the doubled haploid (DH) technology to rapidly develop homozygous multiple stress resistant inbred lines and accelerate the development and use of genetic traits to manage aspergilus ear rots and aflatoxin contamination of maize.
536			_aGlobal Maize Program
546			_aText in English
594			_aINT2822
595			_aCSC
650		7	_2AGROVOC _95636 _aAspergillus flavus
650		7	_2AGROVOC _95637 _aAflatoxins
650		7	_2AGROVOC _91173 _aMaize
773			_dPulau Pinang (Malaysia) : Universiti Sains Malaysia : CIMMYT, 2010. _gp. 37 _tInternational mycotoxin conference mycored 2010 _wG94900
942			_cSUM _2ddc
999			_c8092 _d8092