000			04138nam a22004217a 4500
001			G81146
003			MX-TxCIM
005			20211006074010.0
008			121211s ||||f| 0 p|p||0|| |
020			_a970-648-115-X
040			_aMX-TxCIM
072		0	_aE16
072		0	_aF01
082	0	4	_a338.1768 _bSET
100	1		_aSiambi, M. _uSuccessful community-based seed production strategies
110	0		_aCentro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maiz y Trigo (CIMMYT), Mexico DF (Mexico)
245	0	0	_aSeed production of groundnut
260			_aMexico, DF (Mexico) _bCIMMYT : _c2004
300			_ap. 65-70
340			_aPrinted
520			_aGroundnut (Arachis hypogea L.) is a very important crop. The seeds contain approximately 25% digestible protein and 50% edible oils. Groundnut haulrns and cake are valuable in livestock feed. Groundnut is therefore an important component of both rural and urban diets. It is widely grown and used for food and to generate income, particularly by women farmers. Groundnut is consumed in various ways: roasted pods/kemels, boiled fresh nuts, peanut butter, and in traditional dishes as a sauce and oil. When grown in rotation with cereals such as maize, groundnut improves soil fertility. Development of groundnut production technologies is the mandate of many ministries of agriculture. Varieties developed for commercial production include CG 7, ICGV-SM 90704 (Nsinjiro), JL 24 (Kakoma), and IGC 12991 (Baka). The earlier releases include Chalimbana, Chitembana, Mawanga, Mani Pintar and RG 1. Although improved cultivars and management practices have been developed and recommended to farmers, groundnut yields in Malawi are still very low, ranging from 250-800 kg/ha (Table 1): The rnarket liberalization program introduced in the 1980s saw private traders purchasing substantial amounts of groundnuts, leaving very little to recycle for seed. The situation was compounded by the recurrent droughts in 1991-92 and 1994-95. National average yields started improving after improved varieties were introduced into farming communities through Action Group II of the Maize Productivity Task Force (1994-98) and the DARTS-ICRISAT-USAID Groundnut and Pigeonpea Projects (1999- 2002). This demonstrates that, although droughts, low producer prices, low soil fertility, poor cultural practices, and predominant pests and diseases are culprits for low groundnut productivity, lack of seed of improved varieties remains a major constraint. Continued use of recycled or unimproved groundnut seed is probably the most important factor contributing to the low productivity of the crop. On the other hand commercial seed companies prefer hybrid crop varieties to self -pollinators like groundnuts, because hybrid seed materials need to be replenished each season. The ability of farmers to save their own groundnut seed hinders the development of commercial seed enterprises. The Groundnut Improvement Program in partnership with ICRISA T -Lilongwe therefore has the mandate to produce breeder's and basic seed of improved varieties each year. This seed is multiplied in several ways. Breeder' s seed is produced at research station farms under direct supervision of the breeders and the Seed Technology Unit, to ensure varietal purity. Breeder's seed is used to produce basic seed, which is further multiplied into certified seed. Seed production requires high standards of management. Besides the recommended cultural practices, the grower is bound to observe stipulated seed production guidelines and standards (Table 2).
546			_aEnglish
591			_a0501|AGRIS 0501|AL-Economins Program
593			_aJuan Carlos Mendieta
595			_aCPC
650	1	0	_aArachis hypogaea _92337
650	1	0	_aCommercial farming
650	1	7	_aCrop yield _gAGROVOC _2 _91066
650	1	0	_aFeed cereals
650	1	0	_aGroundnuts _92338
650	1	0	_aSeed production _91253
650	1	0	_aTechnological changes
650	1	7	_aVarieties _gAGROVOC _2 _91303
650	1	0	_91952 _aSoil fertility _gAGROVOC
700	1		_aKapewa, A.T., _ecoaut.
700	1		_aSetimela, P.S.|Monyo, E.|Banziger, M. _eeds.
942			_cBK
999			_c7431 _d7431