000			03746nam a22005537a 4500
001			G79722
003			MX-TxCIM
005			20240919021103.0
008			121211s ||||f| 0 p|p||0|| |
040			_aMX-TxCIM
072		0	_aF30
072		0	_aH20
090			_aCIS-4080
110	0		_aCentro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maíz y Trigo CIMMYT, Nepal (India)
100	1		_9826 _aDuveiller, E. _gDG's Office _8INT1237
245	0	0	_aControlling foliar blight of wheat in South Asia: _b A holistic approache
260			_aKathmandu (Nepal) _bCIMMYT : _c2004
300			_ap. 37-45
340			_aPrinted
520			_aFoliar blight is a major biotic constraint to wheat in the Gangetic plains of south Asia, particularly in the rice-wheat system. The disease occurs as a complex of spot blotch and tan spot caused by C. sativus and P. tritici-repentis, respectively. Yield losses reach on average 15% but are variable depending on sowing time, years, locations and stress conditions. Resistance breeding has been the cornerstone of the control strategy .Through international agricultural research efforts in collaboration with National Agricultural Research Systems (NARS), resistance sources from China, Zambia and Brazil were identified and novel germplasm such as synthetic hexaploid wheats derived from crosses with Aegilops tauschii and tetraploid wheat were generated. Materials resulting from these pre-breeding activities are now combined to adapted spring wheat to produce new high yielding genotypes showing a lower disease progress. On-going regional efforts include several wheat nurseries jointly organized by CIMMYT and NARS and specially targeted for warmer wheat growing areas. The stability of resistant genetic stocks remains essential considering that C. sativus is non- specific and forms a continuum of strains that may change rapidly. Although high moisture and temperature are known to favor the disease, little information is available on the exact role of climatic factors on symptom development. Stress factors appear to influence to a great extent disease progress and epidemics, suggesting that crop management practices are a critical component of an integrated disease control. Thus, understanding their role on foliar blight seems imperative when the increasing adoption of zero tillage in rice-wheat may affect inoculum survival and when genotypes more adapted to new tillage practices will be required. The role of alternate hosts and the source of primary inoculum in rice-wheat systems are still not well documented but indications suggest that seed may play an important role in disease transmission. Seed treatment may prove useful as a part of an integrated disease management approach based on improved resistance and good agronomy.
536			_aGlobal Maize Program|Research and Partnership Program
546			_aEnglish
591			_a0407|AGRIS 0401|AL-Wheat Program
593			_aJuan Carlos Mendieta
594			_aINT1237|INT0317
595			_aCSC
650	1	0	_aAegilops tauschii
650	1	0	_aBlights
650	1	0	_aDisease control
650	1	0	_aFoliar application
650	1	0	_aFungicides
650	1	0	_aGrain yield _91339
650	1	0	_aHelminthosporium
650	1	0	_aSeedlings
650	1	7	_aWeed control _gAGROVOC _2 _91308
650	1	0	_aWheat
653	0		_aCIMMYT
653	0		_aUCL
650	1	0	_91134 _aGenotypes _gAGROVOC
650	1	7	_aPlant breeding _gAGROVOC _2 _91203
700	1		_aBhatta, M.R., _ecoaut.
700	1		_aDuveiller, E.|Mercado, D.|Maraite, H.
700	1		_aMaraite, H., _ecoaut.
700	1		_aMercado, D., _ecoaut.
700	1		_aOrtiz Ferrara, G., _ecoaut.
700	1		_aSharma, D., _ecoaut.
700	1		_aSharma, R.C., _ecoaut.
942			_cREP
999			_c7085 _d7085