000			04142nab|a22004697a|4500
001			69315
003			MX-TxCIM
005			20251110131353.0
008			20258s2025|||||sz ||p|op||||00||0|eng|dd
022			_a2076-2615 (Online)
024	8		_ahttps://doi.org/10.3390/ani15172541
040			_aMX-TxCIM
041			_aeng
100	1		_aSánchez-López, N. _940287
245	1	0	_aImpact of feeding level and multi-nutrient blocks with polyherbals on weight changes and greenhouse gas emissions in lambs
260			_aBasel (Switzerland) : _bMDPI, _c2025.
500			_aPeer review
500			_aOpen Access
520			_aIn small-scale livestock production systems, low-quality diets constrain animal performance and increase enteric emissions, but both these impacts can be remediated using optimized feeding strategies. An experiment was conducted with lambs fed at two levels-maintenance (MN) and growth (GR)-using multi-nutrient blocks formulated with different concentrations of polyherbal nutraceuticals to compare the lambs' reactions in terms of their productive performance and estimated enteric methane emissions. Thirty-two lambs were fed at two feeding levels-(a) maintenance (MN) at 9% CP and 1.85 Mcal ME/kg DM and (b) growth (GR) at 13.24% CP and 2.15 Mcal ME/kg DM)-and did or did not have access to MBs with different polyherbal percentages (BioCholine (R), OptiLysine (R), and OptiMethione (R) (0:0:0, 3:0:0, 3:0.75:0.25)). No interactions between the feeding level and supplementation were detected. Lambs fed at the MN level showed lower productive indicators (p < 0.001) than those fed at the GR level, with a lower dry matter intake (DMI, 512 vs. 1009 g/d), MB consumption (61 vs. 84 g/d), and daily weight gain (26 vs. 187 g/d), resulting in lower enteric methane emissions (8.74 vs. 18.18 g CH4 /d) and a lower emission intensity (15.25 vs. 16.55 CH4 g/kg DM). Supplementation with MBs improved the average daily weight gain (ADG) (p < 0.001) at the GR level, but no differences were detected at the MN level. However, lambs in the control group lost weight (-20 g/d) and those supplemented gained weight (g/d), with increases of 49 (0:0:0), 25 (3:0:0), and 52 (3:0.75:0.25). The highest ADG for lambs in the GR group was observed with MBs containing all three polyherbals (215a, 3:0.75:0.25), an intermediate ADG was seen with MBs without herbals or with Biocholine (200.75ab, 0:0:0; 198ab, 3:0:0), and the lowest ADG was observed with no MBs (134c g/d). The use of MBs reduces the time to reach market weight by 265 days, resulting in a 50% reduction in the enteric methane emissions per product (animal by animal), making multi-nutrient blocks a viable option to improve production indicators and reduce enteric methane emissions.
546			_aText in English
591			_aFuentes Ponce, M. : Not in IRS staff list but CIMMYT Affiliation
597			_dSecretaría de Agricultura y Desarrollo Rural (SADER) _dCentro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maíz y Trigo (CIMMYT) _dCGIAR Trust Fund _dSecretaría de Educación, Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (SECTEI) _fSustainable Farming _uhttps://hdl.handle.net/10568/177616
650		7	_aNutrients _2AGROVOC _91192
650		7	_aLambs _2AGROVOC _95174
650		7	_aEnteric methane _2AGROVOC _940288
650		7	_aMaintenance _2AGROVOC _937190
650		7	_aLivestock Production _2AGROVOC _98736
650		7	_aGreenhouse gas emissions _2AGROVOC _98210
700	1		_aMendoza-Martinez, G.D. _97793
700	1		_ade la Torre-Hernández, M.E. _940289
700	1		_aHernández-García, P.A. _940290
700	1		_aDíaz-Galván, C. _940291
700	1		_aOrtega-Navarro, G.C. _940292
700	1		_aFuentes Ponce, M. _95227
700	1		_aLeal Gonzalez, A.J. _926983
700	1		_aLopez-Ridaura, S. _gSustainable Agrifood Systems _8INT3360 _9939
700	1		_aVan Loon, J. _gSustainable Agrifood Systems _8I1705924 _92765
773	0		_tAnimals _gv. 15, no. 17, art. 2541 _dBasel (Switzerland) : MDPI, 2025 _x2076-2615
856	4		_yOpen Access through DSpace _uhttps://hdl.handle.net/10883/35918
942			_cJA _n0 _2ddc
999			_c69315 _d69307