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020 _a970-648-104-4
040 _aMX-TxCIM
072 0 _aA50
072 0 _aE10
082 0 4 _a338.91
_bWAT
100 1 _aYanggen, D.
_uInternational conference on impacts of agricultural research and development: Why has impact assessment research not made more of a difference?
110 0 _aCentro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maiz y Trigo (CIMMYT), Mexico DF (Mexico)
111 2 _aInternational Conference on Impacts of Agricultural Research and Development
_cSan José (Costa Rica)
_d4-7 Feb 2002
245 0 0 _aTradeoff analysis as a tool for assessment of economic and environmental impacts of agricultural research
260 _aMexico, DF (Mexico)
_bCIMMYT :
_c2003
300 _ap. 94
340 _aPrinted
520 _aThe public demand for information about both economic and environmental impacts of agricultural research has been widely recognized. Indeed, one could argue that one explanation for "Why Has Impact Assessment Research Not Made More of a Difference? is that until recently it has focused only on economic impacts. However, it is also true that until recently, methods and tools (data, models, and model integration software) needed to conduct more integrated types of assessments have been lacking. In a companion paper, we address another key issue, namely the need to integrate public decision makers and stakeholders into the assessment process.||This paper introduces the reader to recently developed methods and tools for integrated assessment of agricultural production systems known as tradeoff analysis (TOA) and the TOA model, and discusses how these methods and tools can be used to assess quantitatively the impacts of agricultural research on the sustainability of production systems. Sustainability is defined in terms of economic, environmental, and other quantifiable indicators of the system's performance.||The paper begins with a discussion of a general approach to the integrated assessment of agricultural production systems that is known as TOA. We show how the conventional economic assessment of research impacts can be embedded in this more general framework, and how it can be used for both ex post and ex ante assessment of research impacts. TOA is based on the identification of key quantifiable sustainability indicators (e.g., economic indicators, environmental and social impact indicators) by stakeholders. A key methodological question is how to assess the impacts of research in these multiple dimensions and communicate that information to decision makers and stakeholders. In this section, we discuss several approaches taken by economists to this problem, as well as the solution provided by the TOA approach.||The next section of the paper discusses issues related to the implementation of an integrated assessment of an agricultural production system for research impact assessment. Various methodological issues arise related to the choice of spatial and temporal scales, data availability, the suitability of existing disciplinary models, and how these data and models can be integrated to implement such an assessment. In this context, we briefly introduce the TOA model software that can be used to implement this type of integrated assessment. This software organizes data in a GIS framework and links inputs and outputs from disciplinary simulation models (biophysical crop and livestock models, economic models, and environmental process models) on a site-specific basis and aggregates results to a larger spatial unit (such as a watershed or political region).||The final section of the paper illustrates the use of this type of integrated assessment tool to assess impacts of agricultural research using recent case studies in Ecuador and Peru. Examples of technologies being investigated in these areas include late-blight resistant potato varieties, integrated pest management techniques, and soil conservation technologies (terracing, agroforestry, and alternative tillage practices). These examples illustrate how this type of assessment tool can be used to assess impacts of existing and alternative technologies within the crop and livestock production systems.
546 _aEnglish
591 _a0310|AGRIS 0301|AL-Economics Program|R01PROCE
593 _aJuan Carlos Mendieta
595 _aCPC
650 1 0 _aData collection
650 1 0 _aEconomic environment
650 1 0 _aEcuador
650 1 0 _aModels
650 1 0 _aPeru
650 1 0 _aPest control
650 1 0 _aPotatoes
650 1 0 _aProduction economics
650 1 0 _aTechnology
_gAGROVOC
_91988
653 0 _aCIMMYT
650 1 7 _aAgricultural research
_gAGROVOC
_2
_91006
700 1 _aAntle, J.,
_ecoaut.
700 1 _aBowen, W.,
_ecoaut.
700 1 _aCrissman, C.,
_ecoaut.
700 1 _aStoorvogel, J.,
_ecoaut.
700 1 _9960
_aWatson, D.J.
_gResearch & Partnership Program
_8INT3479
_eed.
942 _cPRO
999 _c6890
_d6890