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001			65356
003			MX-TxCIM
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008			20221s2022||||mx |||p|op||||00||0|eng|d
022			_a0803-9410
022			_21891-1765 (Online)
024	8		_ahttps://doi.org/10.1080/08039410.2022.2071333
040			_aMX-TxCIM
041			_aeng
100	1		_aPetesch, P. _8I1707262 _94472 _gSocioeconomics Program
245	1	0	_aNot raised ‘to make big decisions’ : _byoung people’s agency and livelihoods in rural Pakistan
260			_bTaylor and Francis Ltd., _c2022. _aUnited Kingdom :
500			_aPeer review
500			_aOpen Access
520			_aWe examine young people’s testimonies about their capacity to make important decisions and their livelihood experiences from agricultural communities that span Pakistan’s countryside. Our analysis is guided by theories of agency that focus on how a young person’s capacity to identify and act on goals is mediated by their local opportunity structure–shaping their household relations, livelihood choices, and prevailing social norms. We apply comparative and contextual qualitative analysis methods to our dataset of 12 village cases, which include 24 sex-specific youth focus groups. We also present a secondary survey analysis. We find high rural employment levels among young men in recent years, and a decline in rural young women’s employment from already low levels. The young study participants mainly observe limited capacity to make important decisions. They repeatedly attribute this to expectations of strict deference to elders and other norms about their gender, young age, junior household position, marital status, and socio-economic standing. They also report negotiating and resisting confining norms; however, young women’s agency appears especially constrained by norms that discourage their physical mobility and visible economic roles. We examine two villages where some youth express healthier levels of agency and more desirable economic opportunities than others, and the significance of kinship relations and fluid norms in this environment. We call for models of young people’s agency that register more effectively the importance of household relations, the gatekeeper role of elders, and the contextual and fluid properties of norms, as these dynamics both constrain and enable young people’s agency.
546			_aText in English
650		7	_aAgriculture _2AGROVOC _91007
650		7	_aGender _2AGROVOC _91123
650		7	_aLivelihoods _2AGROVOC _92558
650		7	_aSocioeconomic aspects _2AGROVOC _916601
651		7	_2AGROVOC _94252 _aPakistan
700	1		_aBadstue, L.B. _gFormerly Socioeconomics Program _gFormerly Global Wheat Program _8CBLO01 _91951
700	1		_aRahut, D.B. _8INT3364 _9942 _gSocioeconomics Program
700	1		_aAli, A. _8I1706046 _9800 _gFormerly Socioeconomics Program
773	0		_tForum for Development Studies _dUnited Kingdom : Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2022. _x0803-9410 _gv. 49, no. 2, p. 261–289
856			_yOpen Access through DSpace _uhttps://hdl.handle.net/10883/22088
942			_cJA _n0 _2ddc
999			_c65356 _d65348