000			03210nab|a22003617a|4500
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008			201007s2019||||sz |||p|op||||00||0|eng|d
022			_a1420-3049 (Online)
024	8		_ahttps://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24183366
040			_aMX-TxCIM
041			_aeng
100	0		_aJihua Xu _926108
245	1	0	_aEffect of nanocrystallization of anthocyanins extracted from two types of red-fleshed apple varieties on its stability and antioxidant activity
260			_aBasel (Switzerland) : _bMDPI, _c2019.
500			_aPeer review
500			_aOpen Access
520			_aRed-fleshed apple (Malus sieversii f. neidzwetzkyana (Dieck) Langenf) has attracted more and more attention due to its enriched anthocyanins and high antioxidant activity. In this study we extracted total anthocyanins and phenols from two types of red-fleshed apples—Xinjing No.4 (XJ4) and Red Laiyang (RL)—to study the stability and antioxidant activity of anthocyanins after encapsulation onto Corn Starch Nanoparticles (CSNPs). The results indicated the anthocyanins and total phenol levels of XJ4 were 2.96 and 2.25 times higher than those of RL respectively. The anthocyanin concentration and loading time had a significant effect on CSNPs encapsulation, and XJ4 anthocyanins always showed significantly higher loading capacity than RL. After encapsulation, the morphology of RL-CSNPs and XJ4-CSNPs was still spherical with a smooth surface as CSNPs, but the particle size increased compared to CSNPs especially for RL-CSNPs. Different stress treatments including UV light, pH, temperature, and salinity suggested that XJ4-CSNPs exhibited consistently higher stability than RL-CSNPs. A significantly enhanced free radical scavenging rate under stress conditions was observed, and XJ4-CSNPs had stronger antioxidant activity than RL-CSNPs. Furthermore, XJ4-CSNPs exhibited a slower released rate than RL-CSNPs in simulated gastric (pH 2.0) and intestinal (pH 7.0) environments. Our research suggests that nanocrystallization of anthocyanins is an effective method to keep the anthocyanin ingredients intact and active while maintaining a slow release rate. Compared to RL, encapsulation of XJ4 anthocyanins has more advantages, which might be caused by the significant differences in the metabolites of XJ4. These findings give an insight into understanding the role of nanocrystallization using CSNPs in enhancing the antioxidant ability of anthocyanins from different types of red-fleshed apples, and provide theoretical foundations for red-fleshed apple anthocyanin application.
546			_aText in English
650		7	_aApples _2AGROVOC _926109
650		7	_aAnthocyanins _2AGROVOC _96175
650		7	_aCorn starch _2AGROVOC _926110
650		7	_aAntioxidants _2AGROVOC _911020
700	0		_aXinxin Li _926111
700	0		_aShifeng Liu _926112
700	0		_aPeilei Zhao _926113
700	0		_aHeqiang Huo _926114
700	0		_aYugang Zhang _926115
773	0		_tMolecules _gv. 24, no. 18, art. 3366 _dBasel (Switzerland) : MDPI, 2019. _x1420-3049
856	4		_uhttps://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24183366 _yClick here to access online
942			_cJA _n0 _2ddc
999			_c64741 _d64733