000			03389nab|a22004457a|4500
001			64704
003			MX-TxCIM
005			20211213160625.0
008			202101s2019||||xxu|||p|op||||00||0|eng|d
022			_a1932-6203 (Online)
024	8		_ahttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0215448
040			_aMX-TxCIM
041			_aeng
100	1		_aKaye, J. _916493
245	1	0	_aManaging nitrogen through cover crop species selection in the U.S. mid-Atlantic
260			_aSan Francisco, CA (USA) : _bPublic Library of Science, _c2019.
500			_aPeer review
500			_aOpen Access
520			_aCover crops have the potential to be agricultural nitrogen (N) regulators that reduce leaching through soils and then deliver N to subsequent cash crops. Yet, regulating N in this way has proven difficult because the few cover crop species that are well-studied excel at either reducing N leaching or increasing N supply to cash crops, but they fail to excel at both simultaneously. We hypothesized that mixed species cover crop stands might balance the N fixing and N scavenging capabilities of individual species. We tested six cover crop monocultures and four mixtures for their effects on N cycling in an organically managed maize-soybean-wheat feed grain rotation in Pennsylvania, USA. For three years, we used a suite of integrated approaches to quantify N dynamics, including extractable soil inorganic N, buried anion exchange resins, bucket lysimeters, and plant N uptake. All cover crop species, including legume monocultures, reduced N leaching compared to fallow plots. Cereal rye monocultures reduced N leaching to buried resins by 90% relative to fallow; notably, mixtures with just a low seeding rate of rye did almost as well. Austrian winter pea monocultures increased N uptake in maize silage by 40 kg N ha-1 relative to fallow, and conversely rye monocultures decreased N uptake into maize silage by 40 kg N ha-1 relative to fallow. Importantly, cover crop mixtures had larger impacts on leaching reduction than on maize N uptake, when compared to fallow plots. For example, a three-species mixture of pea, red clover, and rye had similar maize N uptake to fallow plots, but leaching rates were 80% lower in this mixture than fallow plots. Our results show clearly that cover crop species selection and mixture design can substantially mitigate tradeoffs between N retention and N supply to cash crops, providing a powerful tool for managing N in temperate cropping systems.
546			_aText in English
591			_aPardo, N. : Not in IRS Staff list but CIMMYT Affiliation
650		7	_2AGROVOC _96794 _aCereal crops
650		7	_2AGROVOC _91173 _aMaize
650		7	_2AGROVOC _95788 _aRye
650		7	_2AGROVOC _99654 _aPeas
650		7	_2AGROVOC _91069 _aCrops
650		7	_2AGROVOC _93639 _aSoybeans
650		7	_2AGROVOC _91963 _aLegumes
700	1		_aFinney, D. _916494
700	1		_aWhite, C. _925920
700	1		_aBradley, B. _925921
700	1		_aSchipanski, M. _925922
700	1		_aAlonso-Ayuso, M. _919602
700	1		_aHunter, M. _917306
700	1		_aBurgess, M. _925923
700	1		_aMejia, C. _925924
773	0		_tPLoS ONE _gv. 14, no. 4, e0215448 _dSan Francisco, CA (USA) : Public Library of Science, 2019. _wu94957 _x1932-6203
856	4		_yClick here to access online _uhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0215448
942			_cJA _n0 _2ddc
999			_c64704 _d64696