000			02965nab|a22003617a|4500
001			64608
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005			20211129143357.0
008			211125s2021 sz |||p|op||| 00| 0 eng d
022			_a1996-1944
024	8		_ahttps://doi.org/10.3390/ma14041004
040			_aMX-TxCIM
041			_aeng
100	1		_925371 _aSupic, S.
245	1	0	_aReactivity and pozzolanic properties of biomass ashes generated by wheat and soybean straw combustion
260			_aBasel (Switzerland) : _bMDPI, _c2021.
500			_aPeer review
500			_aOpen Access
520			_aA sustainable use of locally available wastes from agriculture as supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) is an alternative solution for the prevention of excessive raw material usage, reduction of CO2 emission and cost-effective concrete production. This paper studies the reactivity of non-traditional waste SCMs: Wheat straw ash (WSA), mixture of wheat and soybean straw ash (WSSA) and soybean straw ash (SSA), which are abundant as agricultural by-products in Serbia. The chemical evaluation using XRF technique, thermal analysis (TGA/DSC), XRD and FTIR methods were performed along with physical properties tests to investigate the feasibility of utilizing biomass ashes as cement substitutes. The obtained results demonstrate a high pozzolanic activity of WSA, which is attributed to a high reactive silica content of the ash and its satisfactory level of fineness. A wider hump in XRD pattern of WSA compared to WSSA and SSA confirmed that it abounds in amorphous (reactive) phase. The insufficient activity index of soybean-based biomass ashes, characterized with a low silica content, was improved by additional grinding and/or blending with amorphous silica-rich material. This points out the mechanical activation, i.e., grinding procedure, and chemical activation, i.e., modification of the chemical composition, as techniques efficient at producing pozzolanic materials from biomass wastes. Tested biomass ashes are characterized with negligible leaching values of heavy metals, thereby satisfying eco-friendly principles of SCM utilization. The application of biomass ashes as SCMs leads to substantial cost savings, as well as benefits to the environment, such as lower consumption of cement, reduction of CO2 emissions during the production of cement and sustainable waste management.
546			_aText in English
650		7	_2AGROVOC _91897 _aBiomass
650		7	_2AGROVOC _925372 _aCement
650		7	_2AGROVOC _93639 _aSoybeans
650		7	_2AGROVOC _910554 _aThermal analysis
650		7	_2AGROVOC _91310 _aWheat
700	1		_aMalesev, M. _925373
700	1		_aRadonjanin, V. _925374
700	1		_aBulatovic, V. _925375
700	1		_aMilovic, T. _925376
773	0		_gv. 14, no. 4, art. 1004 _dBasel (Switzerland) : MDPI, 2021. _x1996-1944 _tMaterials
856	4		_yClick here to access online _uhttps://doi.org/10.3390/ma14041004
942			_cJA _n0 _2ddc
999			_c64608 _d64600