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022			_a1664-462X (Online)
024	8		_ahttps://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.631314
040			_aMX-TxCIM
041			_aeng
100	1		_aMau, L. _925329
245	1	0	_aWheat can access phosphorus from algal biomass as quickly and continuously as from mineral fertilizer
260			_aSwitzerland : _bFrontiers, _c2021.
500			_aPeer review
500			_aOpen Access
520			_aAlgae can efficiently take up excess nutrients from waterways, making them a valuable resource potentially capable of replacing synthesized and mined fertilizers for agriculture. The capacity of algae to fertilize crops has been quantified, but it is not known how the algae-derived nutrients become available to plants. We aimed to address this question: what are the temporal dynamics of plant growth responses to algal biomass? to better propose mechanisms by which plants acquire nutrients from algal biomass and thereby study and promote those processes in future agricultural applications. Data from various sources were transformed and used to reconstruct the nutrient release from the algae Chlorella vulgaris and subsequent uptake by wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (as reported in Schreiber et al., 2018). Plants had received 0.1x or 1x dried algae or wet algae, or zero, 0.1x or 1x mineral fertilizer calculated from agricultural practices for P application and grown to 55 days in three soils. Contents of P and other nutrients acquired from algae were as high as from mineral fertilizer, but varied based on moisture content and amount of algae applied to soils (by 55 days after sowing plants with 1x mineral fertilizer and 1x dried algae had 5.6 mg P g DWshoot; 2.2-fold more than those with 0 or 0.1x mineral fertilizer, 0.1x dried algae and wet algae, and 1x wet algae). Absolute and relative leaf area growth and estimated P uptake rates showed similar dynamics, indicating that wheat acquires P from algae quickly. A model proposes that algal fertilizer promotes wheat growth after rapid transformation in soil to inorganic nutrients. We conclude theoretically that phosphorus from algal biomass is available to wheat seedlings upon its application and is released gradually over time with minor differences related to moisture content on application. The growth and P uptake kinetics hint at nutrient forms, including N, and biomass stimulation worthy of research to further exploit algae in sustainable agriculture practices. Temporal resolved phenotype analyses in combination with a mass-balance approach is helpful for understanding resource uptake from recycled and biofertilizer sources by plants.
546			_aText in English
650		0	_aAlgae _920093
650		7	_aFertilizers _2AGROVOC _91111
650		7	_aPhosphorus _2AGROVOC _95314
650		7	_aPlant growth _2AGROVOC _921209
650		7	_aEfficiency _2AGROVOC _94390
650		7	_aWheat _2AGROVOC _91310
700	1		_aKant, J. _919838
700	1		_aWalker, R. _925330
700	1		_aKuchendorf, C.M. _925331
700	1		_aSchrey, S.D. _925332
700	1		_aRoessner, U. _94411
700	1		_aWatt, M. _915497
773	0		_tFrontiers in Plant Science _dSwitzerland : Frontiers, 2021. _x1664-462X _gv. 12, art. 631314 _wu56875
856	4		_yClick here to access online _uhttps://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.631314
942			_cJA _n0 _2ddc
999			_c64598 _d64590