000			00595nab|a22002177a|4500
999			_c64140 _d64132
001			64140
003			MX-TxCIM
005			20210902155525.0
008			202112s2021||||xxk|||p|op||||00||0|eng|d
022			_a2049-1891
024	8		_ahttps://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-021-00550-w
040			_aMX-TxCIM
041			_aeng
100	1		_aYun Liu, S. _922524
245	1	0	_aProgress towards reduced-crude protein diets for broiler chickens and sustainable chicken-meat production
260			_aUnited Kingdom : _bBioMed Central, _c2021.
500			_aPeer review
500			_aOpen Access
520			_aThe prime purpose of this review is to explore the pathways whereby progress towards reduced-crude protein (CP) diets and sustainable chicken-meat production may be best achieved. Reduced-CP broiler diets have the potential to attenuate environmental pollution from nitrogen and ammonia emissions; moreover, they have the capacity to diminish the global chicken-meat industry’s dependence on soybean meal to tangible extents. The variable impacts of reduced-CP broiler diets on apparent amino acid digestibility coefficients are addressed. The more accurate identification of amino acid requirements for broiler chickens offered reduced-CP diets is essential as this would diminish amino acid imbalances and the deamination of surplus amino acids. Deamination of amino acids increases the synthesis and excretion of uric acid for which there is a requirement for glycine, this emphasises the value of so-called “non-essential” amino acids. Starch digestive dynamics and their possible impact of glucose on pancreatic secretions of insulin are discussed, although the functions of insulin in avian species require clarification. Maize is probably a superior feed grain to wheat as the basis of reduced-CP diets; if so, the identification of the underlying reasons for this difference should be instructive. Moderating increases in starch concentrations and condensing dietary starch:protein ratios in reduced-CP diets may prove to be advantageous as expanding ratios appear to be aligned to inferior broiler performance. Threonine is specifically examined because elevated free threonine plasma concentrations in birds offered reduced-CP diets may be indicative of compromised performance. If progress in these directions can be realised, then the prospects of reduced-CP diets contributing to sustainable chicken-meat production are promising.
546			_aText in English
650		7	_aAmino acids _2AGROVOC _94464
650		7	_aBroiler chickens _2AGROVOC _917324
650		7	_aGlucose _2AGROVOC _922525
650		7	_aInsulin _2AGROVOC _914664
650		7	_aProteins _2AGROVOC _91224
650		7	_aStarch _2AGROVOC _95810
650		7	_aThreonine _2AGROVOC _922526
700	1		_aMacelline, S.P. _922527
700	1		_aChrystal, P.V. _922528
700	1		_aSelle, P.H. _922529
773	0		_tJournal of Animal Science and Biotechnology _gv. 12, art. 20 _dUnited Kingdom : BioMed Central, 2021. _x2049-1891
856	4		_yClick here to access online _uhttps://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-021-00550-w
942			_cJA _n0 _2ddc