000			03467nab|a22003137a|4500
999			_c64121 _d64113
001			64121
003			MX-TxCIM
005			20211006072324.0
008			200214s2021||||xxk|||p|op||||00||0|eng|d
022			_a1471-2164
024	8		_ahttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-021-07475-8
040			_aMX-TxCIM
041			_aeng
100	0		_aYucong Xie _922395
245	1	0	_aExtensive structural variation in the Bowman-Birk inhibitor family in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
260			_aLondon (United Kingdom) : _bBioMed Central, _c2021.
500			_aPeer review
500			_aOpen Access
520			_aBackground: Bowman-Birk inhibitors (BBI) are a family of serine-type protease inhibitors that modulate endogenous plant proteolytic activities during different phases of development. They also inhibit exogenous proteases as a component of plant defense mechanisms, and their overexpression can confer resistance to phytophagous herbivores and multiple fungal and bacterial pathogens. Dicot BBIs are multifunctional, with a “double-headed” structure containing two separate inhibitory loops that can bind and inhibit trypsin and chymotrypsin proteases simultaneously. By contrast, monocot BBIs have a non-functional chymotrypsin inhibitory loop, although they have undergone internal duplication events giving rise to proteins with multiple BBI domains. Results: We used a Hidden Markov Model (HMM) profile-based search to identify 57 BBI genes in the common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genome. The BBI genes are unevenly distributed, with large gene clusters in the telomeric regions of homoeologous group 1 and 3 chromosomes that likely arose through a series of tandem gene duplication events. The genomes of wheat progenitors also contain contiguous clusters of BBI genes, suggesting this family underwent expansion before the domestication of common wheat. However, the BBI gene family varied in size among different cultivars, showing this family remains dynamic. Because of these expansions, the BBI gene family is larger in wheat than other monocots such as maize, rice and Brachypodium. We found BBI proteins in common wheat with intragenic homologous duplications of cysteine-rich functional domains, including one protein with four functional BBI domains. This diversification may expand the spectrum of target substrates. Expression profiling suggests that some wheat BBI proteins may be involved in regulating endogenous proteases during grain development, while others were induced in response to biotic and abiotic stresses, suggesting a role in plant defense. Conclusions: Genome-wide characterization reveals that the BBI gene family in wheat is subject to a high rate of homologous tandem duplication and deletion events, giving rise to a diverse set of encoded proteins. This information will facilitate the functional characterization of individual wheat BBI genes to determine their role in wheat development and stress responses, and their potential application in breeding.
546			_aText in English
650		7	_2AGROVOC _913461 _aProteinase inhibitors
650		7	_2AGROVOC _97593 _aBiotic stress
650		7	_aWheat _gAGROVOC _2 _91310
700	1		_aRavet, K. _922396
700	1		_aPearce, S. _922400
773	0		_tBMC Genomics _gv. 22, art. 218 _dLondon (United Kingdom) : BioMed Central, 2021. _x1471-2164 _wu56896
856	4		_yClick here to access online _uhttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-021-07475-8
942			_cJA _n0 _2ddc