000			02702nab|a22003497a|4500
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005			20231017220121.0
008			201209s2021 xxk||||| |||| 00| 0 eng d
022			_a0022-0388
022			_a1743-9140 (Online)
024	8		_ahttps://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2020.1786062
040			_aMX-TxCIM
041			_aeng
100	1		_aBouwman, T. _93594
245	1	0	_aHerbicide induced hunger? Conservation Agriculture, ganyu labour and rural poverty in Central Malawi
260			_aLondon (United Kingdom) : _bTaylor & Francis, _c2021.
500			_aPeer review
500			_aOpen Access
520			_aHerbicide use is increasing in sub-Saharan Africa. While herbicides promise improved weed-control, labour savings and even reduced land degradation–they are promoted to enable Conservation Agriculture (CA) adoption–there are concerns about their health and environmental risks. Yet, their socio-economic implications have been largely ignored. We investigated the effects of herbicide use on casual labour relations (ganyu) in Central Malawi using a survey of 275 households. In rural Malawi doing ganyu is the main coping strategy during the hunger season/growing season. We find that where CA promotion incentivised herbicide use, herbicides became common and substituted much in-season ganyu hiring. Consequently, many households were unable to find work and ended up hungry. While herbicides mainly benefited the better-off who could afford them, these benefits occurred at the expense of the poor and food insecure. Agricultural development initiatives should be aware that herbicides are likely to reduce agricultural labour opportunities and rural wages. Where alternative labour opportunities are limited, this may contribute to social differentiation, hunger and the individualisation of poverty. Our study demonstrates the potential hazards of neglecting the social equity implications of technology promotion–a lesson pertinent to the sustainable intensification agenda, including the promotion of CA.
546			_aText in English
650		0	_aHerbicides _91808 _2AGROVOC
650		7	_aConservation agriculture _2AGROVOC _92619
650		7	_aLabour _2AGROVOC _96610
650		7	_aRural poverty _2AGROVOC _94219
651		7	_2AGROVOC _91319 _aMalawi
700	1		_aAndersson, J.A. _8INT3362 _9941 _gSustainable Intensification Program
700	1		_aGiller, K.E. _91960
773	0		_tJournal of Development Studies _gv. 57, no. 2, p. 244-263 _dLondon (United Kingdom) : Taylor & Francis, 2021. _x0022-0388 _wu444520
856	4		_yOpen Access through DSpace _uhttps://hdl.handle.net/10883/21074
942			_cJA _n0 _2ddc
999			_c62973 _d62965