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999			_c62893 _d62885
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022			_a1476-4687 (Online)
024	8		_ahttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-018-0594-0
040			_aMX-TxCIM
041			_aeng
100	1		_aSpringmann, M. _915716
245	1	0	_aOptions for keeping the food system within environmental limits
260			_aLondon (United Kingdom) : _bNature Publishing Group, _c2018.
500			_aPeer review
520			_aThe food system is a major driver of climate change, changes in land use, depletion of freshwater resources, and pollution of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems through excessive nitrogen and phosphorus inputs. Here we show that between 2010 and 2050, as a result of expected changes in population and income levels, the environmental effects of the food system could increase by 50–90% in the absence of technological changes and dedicated mitigation measures, reaching levels that are beyond the planetary boundaries that define a safe operating space for humanity. We analyse several options for reducing the environmental effects of the food system, including dietary changes towards healthier, more plant-based diets, improvements in technologies and management, and reductions in food loss and waste. We find that no single measure is enough to keep these effects within all planetary boundaries simultaneously, and that a synergistic combination of measures will be needed to sufficiently mitigate the projected increase in environmental pressures.
546			_aText in English
650		7	_aFood systems _2AGROVOC _97947
650		7	_aDiet _2AGROVOC _95374
650		7	_aFood losses _2AGROVOC _916566
650		7	_aEnvironmental impact _2AGROVOC _94197
650		7	_aSustainability _gAGROVOC _2 _91283
700	1		_914196 _aClark, M.
700	1		_93950 _aMason-D’Croz, D.
700	1		_93949 _aWiebe, K.
700	1		_914189 _aBodirsky, B.L.
700	1		_917131 _aLassaletta, L.
700	1		_917132 _aDe Vries, W.
700	1		_93217 _aVermeulen, S.
700	1		_92491 _aHerrero, M.
700	1		_913109 _aCarlson, K.M.
700	1		_917133 _aJonell, M.
700	1		_917134 _aTroell, M.
700	1		_911173 _aDeClerck, F.
700	1		_917135 _aGordon, L.J.
700	1		_917136 _aZurayk, R.
700	1		_915720 _aScarborough, P.
700	1		_915719 _aRayner, M.
700	1		_917137 _aLoken, B.
700	1		_915895 _aFanzo, J.
700	1		_915718 _aGodfray, H.C.J.
700	1		_913439 _aTilman, D.
700	1		_914211 _aRockström, J.
700	1		_915039 _aWillett, W.C.
773	0		_gv. 562, no. 7728, p. 519-525 _dLondon (United Kingdom) : Nature Publishing Group, 2018. _x1476-4687 _tNature _wu444616
942			_cJA _n0 _2ddc