000			02565nab a22003257a 4500
999			_c62314 _d62306
001			62314
003			MX-TxCIM
005			20211006073104.0
008			200124s2017 ne |||p|op||| 00| 0 eng d
022			_a0169-5150
022			_a1574-0862 (Online)
024	8		_ahttps://doi.org/10.1111/agec.12335
040			_aMX-TxCIM
041			_aeng
100	1		_914779 _aSchuenemann, F.
245	1	0	_aLeveling the field for biofuels : _bcomparing the economic and environmental impacts of biofuel and other export crops in Malawi
260			_aAmsterdam (Netherlands) : _bIAAE : _bWiley, _c2017.
500			_aPeer review
520			_aBiofuels often raise the specter of food insecurity, water resource depletion, and greenhouse gas emissions from land clearing. These concerns underpin the “sustainability criteria” governing access to European biofuel markets. However, it is unclear if producing biofuels in low‐income countries does exacerbate poverty and food insecurity, and moreover, whether the sustainability criteria should apply to all agricultural exports entering European markets. We develop an integrated modeling framework to simultaneously assess the economic and environmental impacts of producing biofuels in Malawi. We incorporate the effects of land use change on crop water use, and the opportunity costs of using scarce resources for biofuels instead of other crops. We find that biofuel production reduces poverty and food insecurity by raising household incomes. Irrigated outgrower schemes, rather than estate farms, lead to better economic outcomes, fewer emissions, and similar water requirements. Nevertheless, to gain access to European markets, Malawi would need to reduce emissions from ethanol plants. We find that biofuels’ economic and emissions outcomes are generally preferable to tobacco or soybeans. We conclude that the sustainability criteria encourage more sustainable biofuel production in countries like Malawi, but are perhaps overly biased against biofuels since other export crops raise similar concerns about food security and environmental impacts.
546			_aText in English
650		7	_2AGROVOC _97324 _aBiofuels
650		7	_2AGROVOC _96448 _aEconomic growth
650		7	_aFood security _gAGROVOC _2 _91118
650		7	_2AGROVOC _94355 _aWater
651		7	_2AGROVOC _91319 _aMalawi
700	1		_911135 _aThurlow, J.
700	1		_911543 _aZeller, M.
773	0		_dAmsterdam (Netherlands) : IAAE : Wiley, 2017. _gv. 48, no. 3, p. 301-315 _tAgricultural Economics _x1574-0862 _wu444456
942			_2ddc _cJA _n0