000			02697nab a22002897a 4500
999			_c61930 _d61922
001			61930
003			MX-TxCIM
005			20211006081722.0
008			180103s2001 ne |||p|op||| 00| 0 eng d
022			_a0378-3774
024	8		_ahttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-3774(00)00128-1
040			_aMX-TxCIM
041			_aeng
100	1		_92632 _aBouman, B.
245	1	0	_aField water management to save water and increase its productivity in irrigated lowland rice
260			_aAmsterdam (Netherlands) : _bElsevier, _c2001.
500			_aPeer review
520			_aRice production in Asia needs to increase to feed a growing population whereas water for irrigation is getting scarcer. Major challenges are to (i) save water; (ii) increase water productivity and (iii) produce more rice with less water. This study analyzes the ways in which water-saving irrigation can help to meet these challenges at the field level. The analyses are conducted using experimental data collected mostly in central–northern India and the Philippines. Water input can be reduced by reducing ponded water depths to soil saturation or by alternate wetting/drying. Water savings under saturated soil conditions were on average 23% (±14%) with yield reductions of only 6% (±6%). Yields were reduced by 10–40% when soil water potentials in the root zone were allowed to reach −100 to −300 mbar. In clayey soils, intermittent drying may lead to shrinkage and cracking, thereby risking increased soil water loss, increased water requirements and decreased water productivity. Water productivity in continuous flooded rice was typically 0.2–0.4 g grain per kg water in India and 0.3–1.1 g grain per kg water in the Philippines. Water-saving irrigation increases water productivity, up to a maximum of about 1.9 g grain per kg water, but decreases yield. It therefore does not produce more rice with less water on the same field. Field-level water productivity and yield can only be increased concomitantly by improving total factor productivity or by raising the yield potential. Total rice production can be increased by using water saved in one location to irrigate new land in another. If this is not done, a strategy of saving water at the field level potentially threatens total rice production at large.
546			_aText in English
650		7	_aRice _gAGROVOC _2 _91243
650		7	_aIrrigation _gAGROVOC _2 _91164
650		7	_92274 _aWater conservation _2AGROVOC
650		7	_911320 _aWater productivity _2AGROVOC
700	1		_913381 _aTuong, T.P.
773	0		_gv. 49, no. 1, p. 11-30 _tAgricultural Water Management _x0378-3774 _dAmsterdam (Netherlands) : Elsevier, 2001. _w444468
942			_2ddc _cJA _n0