000			00595nab|a22002177a|4500
999			_c60843 _d60835
001			60843
003			MX-TxCIM
005			20190917214155.0
008			190822s2019||||ne |||p|op||||00||0|eng|d
022			_a0378-4290
024	8		_ahttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2019.107570
040			_aMX-TxCIM
041			_aeng
100	1		_aParihar, C.M. _91486
245	1		_aSoil water dynamics, water productivity and radiation use efficiency of maize under multi-year conservation agriculture during contrasting rainfall events
260			_aAmsterdam (Netherlands) : _bElsevier, _c2019.
500			_aPeer review
520			_aIncreasing resource degradation (soil) and resource scarcity (water) in Indo Gangetic Planes (IGP) had popularized the concept of conservation agriculture (CA). CA practices can alter the soil hydraulic properties by improving soil physical environment and hence water productivity (WP). Since CA practices are highly site-specific in nature, its worthiness under different cropping systems, soil types and agro-climatic zones must be studied. In the context of above-mentioned scenario of crop management practices, Hydrus-2D model was used to evaluate most suitable CA-based practice for north western (NW) IGP to understand the process of water transport. The experiment had 3-tillage and crop establishment practices [ZT-zero tillage; PB-permanent raised bed and CT-conventional tillage] in main plot and 4-cropping systems [MWMb-maize-wheat-mungbean; MCS-maize-chickpea-Sesbania; MMuMb-maize-mustard-mungbean and MMS-maize-maize-Sesbania] in sub-plot. The validation of Hydrus-2D showed that nRMSE was observed between 0.19-0.25 and R2 value between 0.80-0.87 at P<0.01. This indicates model is performing efficiently. The R2 value (0.87) was observed highest and RMSE (0.03) and nRMSE (0.15) was observed least in the CA-based PB plots. CA-based plots had 23%?37% less evaporation than CT plots. Cumulative root water uptake (CRWU) under PB was 11% and 15% lower, whereas CRWU under ZT was 20% and 30% higher than CT plots in 2012 and 2013, respectively. Cumulative deep drainage (CDD) in 2013 in PB was higher by 3.64 and 5.88 cm than ZT and CT, respectively. With 10-cm higher rainfall during 2013, variability in the soil water content (SWC) was increased by 22% in CT and 2% in ZT plots. PB had 14?35% and 30?36% higher water productivity than ZT and CT plots, respectively. Radiation use efficiency (RUE) for dry-matter was observed higher under CA based plots. However, RUE for grain yield was observed similar among CA and CT plots during 2012, but in 2013, ZT outperformed than CT plots. The outcome of this study is, the higher rainfall during 2013 mainly contributed to more CDD. Highly variable SWC was observed in the CT plots. With lesser deep drainage in ZT, root water uptake (RWU) was higher and WP was lower, whereas PB plots had comparatively less-moist soil profile and per unit of RWU + evaporation, a proportionately higher dry-matter was produced. In a well-drained soil profile of PB plots frequent and light irrigation may be advocated, whereas in ZT with better profile storage and lesser variability of SWC during both the year irrigation may be required less frequently. Therefore, adoption of CA-based practices leads to higher crop productivity and resource use efficiency, because of favorable soil hydrological propertywith less fluctuation in soil water content in maize under diversified cropping systems of IGP of south Asia.
536			_aWe sincerely acknowledge Indian Council of Agricultural Research for financial support and Director, ICAR-IIMR and field staff and other staff for providing facilities and assistance in conducting this research, and the Division of Agricultural Physics and Water Technology Centre, ICAR-IARI, New Delhi for providing laboratory facilities. The support provided CIMMYT-CCAFS for this study is also acknowledged.
546			_aText in English
650		7	_2AGROVOC _98975 _aDrainage
650		7	_2AGROVOC _910352 _aSoil hydraulic properties
650		7	_2AGROVOC _91753 _aZero tillage
650		7	_2AGROVOC _91307 _aWater use efficiency
651		7	_2AGROVOC _93726 _aIndia
700	0		_aHari S. Nayak _98233
700	0		_aVikas Rai _99114
700	1		_aJat, S.L. _96059
700	1		_aParihar, N. _910353
700	1		_aAggarwal, P. _910354
700	1		_aMishra, A. _92525
773	0		_tField Crops Research _gv. 241, art. 107570 _dAmsterdam (Netherlands) : Elsevier, 2019. _x0378-4290 _wu444314
942			_cJA _n0 _2ddc