000			03214nam a22004217a 4500
001			G70396
003			MX-TxCIM
005			20211006082148.0
008			121211s ||||f| 0 p|p||0|| |
020			_a92-9146-058-3
040			_aMX-TxCIM
072		0	_aF01
072		0	_aF07
090			_aLook under series title
100	1		_aSayre, K.D. _uRegional Wheat Workshop for Eastern, Central and Southern Africa, 10; University of Stellenbosch, South Africa; 14-18 Sep 1998
110	2		_aCentro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maiz y Trigo (CIMMYT), Addis Ababa (Ethiopia)
245	0	0	_aEnsuring the use of sustainable crop management strategies by small-scale wheat farmers in the 21st century
260			_aAddis Ababa (Ethiopia) _bCIMMYT : _c1999
340			_aPrinted
520			_aNearly all current strategies to implement modem, sustainable crop management production practices generally involve conservation/zero tillage prior to seeding, some form of retention and management of crop residues from preceding crops, fertilizer application methodologies that minimize nutrient losses and integrated insect, disease and weed management practices that rely on minimal or no use of pesticides. In nearly all instances, the use of these modern, sustainable crop management strategies has by-passed most small farmers ( especially small wheat farmers ) in developing countries because of several factors including: 1) the lack of appropriate small-scale planters for planting with reduced or zero tillage into residues which are compatible with the use of two-wheel or small four-wheel tractors or with draft animals; 2) the need by many farmers to remove or pasture crop residues for livestock feed or to remove residues for cooking fuel; 3) the lack of knowledge by small farmers ( and most researchers) about how best to apply fertilizers (when and where with main emphasis for nitrogen fertilizers) to minimize losses while complementing farm level nutrient sources, including farm yard manure/composts and/or green manures, especially when combined with reduced or zero tillage systems; and 4) the largely unknown ramifications of these practices to modify insect, disease and weed occurrences. Research, however, is underway at different institutions in several countries to address these problems to help insure that technologies for sustainable crop management practices relevant to small wheat farmers can become a reality. Some of these efforts will be discussed here including the work at CIMMYT concerning application of bed-planting for wheat production systems.
536			_aConservation Agriculture Program
546			_aEnglish
591			_a0007|AGRIS 0101|R99-00CIMPU|AL-Wheat Program
593			_aJose Juan Caballero
594			_aCSAY01
595			_aCPC
650	1	7	_aCrop management _gAGROVOC _2 _91061
650	1	7	_aFertilizers _gAGROVOC _2 _91111
650	1	0	_aProduction factors
650	1	7	_aSmall farms _gAGROVOC _2 _91260
650	1	7	_aSustainability _gAGROVOC _2 _91283
650	1	0	_aZero tillage
653	0		_aCIMMYT
650	1	7	_aTriticum _gAGROVOC _2 _91295
650	1	0	_91056 _aConservation tillage _gAGROVOC
650	1	0	_91109 _aFarming systems _gAGROVOC
942			_cPRO
999			_c4488 _d4488