000			04347nab a22006257a 4500
999			_c29960 _d29960
001			G97828
003			MX-TxCIM
005			20211006075208.0
008			210623s2013 xxk|||p|op||| 00| 0 eng d
022			_a1095-8290 (Online)
022			_a0305-7364
024	8		_ahttps://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcs230
040			_aMX-TxCIM
041			_aeng
100	0		_aGuntur Venkata Subbarao _92828
245	1	2	_aA paradigm shift towards low-nitrifying production systems : _bthe role of biological nitrification inhibition (BNI)
260			_aUnited Kingdom : _bOxford University Press, _c2012.
500			_aPeer review
500			_aPeer-review: Yes - Open Access: Yes|http://science.thomsonreuters.com/cgi-bin/jrnlst/jlresults.cgi?PC=MASTER&ISSN=0305-7364
520			_aBackground Agriculture is the single largest geo-engineering initiative that humans have initiated on planet Earth, largely through the introduction of unprecedented amounts of reactive nitrogen (N) into ecosystems. A major portion of this reactive N applied as fertilizer leaks into the environment in massive amounts, with cascading negative effects on ecosystem health and function. Natural ecosystems utilize many of the multiple pathways in the N cycle to regulate N flow. In contrast, the massive amounts of N currently applied to agricultural systems cycle primarily through the nitrification pathway, a single inefficient route that channels much of this reactive N into the environment. This is largely due to the rapid nitrifying soil environment of present-day agricultural systems. Scope In this Viewpoint paper, the importance of regulating nitrification as a strategy to minimize N leakage and to improve N-use efficiency (NUE) in agricultural systems is highlighted. The ability to suppress soil nitrification by the release of nitrification inhibitors from plant roots is termed ?biological nitrification inhibition? (BNI), an active plant-mediated natural function that can limit the amount of N cycling via the nitrification pathway. The development of a bioassay using luminescent Nitrosomonas to quantify nitrification inhibitory activity from roots has facilitated the characterization of BNI function. Release of BNIs from roots is a tightly regulated physiological process, with extensive genetic variability found in selected crops and pasture grasses. Here, the current status of understanding of the BNI function is reviewed using Brachiaria forage grasses, wheat and sorghum to illustrate how BNI function can be utilized for achieving low-nitrifying agricultural systems. A fundamental shift towards ammonium (NH4+)-dominated agricultural systems could be achieved by using crops and pastures with high BNI capacities. When viewed from an agricultural and environmental perspective, the BNI function in plants could potentially have a large influence on biogeochemical cycling and closure of the N loop in crop?livestock systems.
536			_aGlobal Wheat Program
546			_aText in English
591			_aNo CIMMYT affiliation (Kishii, M.)|Oxford University Press
594			_aINT2902|INT2678
595			_aCSC
650	1	0	_aammonia mono-oxygenase
650	1	0	_aAMO
650	1	0	_abiological nitrification inhibition
650	1	0	_aBNI
650	1	0	_aBNI capacity
650	1	0	_abrachialactone
650	1	0	_aFatty acids
650	1	0	_aHAO
650	1	0	_ahigh-nitrifying production systems
650	1	0	_ahydroxylamine oxidoreductase
650	1	0	_alow-nitrifying production systems
650	1	0	_anitrate leaching
650	1	0	_aNitrification
650	1	0	_aNitrosomonas
650	1	0	_anitrous oxide emissions
650	1	7	_aSustainability _gAGROVOC _2 _91283
650	1	0	_asynthetic nitrification inhibitors
700	1		_92833 _aSahrawat, K.L.
700	0		_92831 _aKazuhiko Nakahara
700	1		_92837 _aRao, I.M.
700	1		_94943 _aIshitani, M.
700	1		_92442 _aHash, C.T.
700	1		_9849 _aKishii, M. _gGlobal Wheat Program _8INT2678
700	1		_9871 _aBonnett, D.G. _gGlobal Wheat Program _8INT2902
700	1		_920496 _aBerry, W.
700	1		_92838 _aLata, J.C.
773	0		_tAnnals of Botany _gv. 112, no. 2, p. 297-316 _dUnited Kingdom : Oxford University Press, 2013. _wG444496 _x0305-7364
856	4		_uhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12665/547 _yAccess only for CIMMYT Staff
942			_cJA _2ddc _n0