000			04248nab a22004697a 4500
001			G97574
003			MX-TxCIM
005			20231005233643.0
008			210726s2012 ne |||p|op||| 00| 0 eng d
022			_a1573-5036 (Online)
022			_a0032-079X
024	8		_ahttps://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-011-1092-4
040			_aMX-TxCIM
041			_aeng
090			_aCIS-6984
100	1		_aFuentes Ponce, M. _95227
245	1	0	_aConservation agriculture, increased organic carbon in the top-soil macro-aggregates and reduced soil CO2 emissions
260			_aDordrecht (Netherlands) : _bSpringer, _c2012.
500			_aPeer review
500			_aPeer-review: Yes - Open Access: Yes|http://science.thomsonreuters.com/cgi-bin/jrnlst/jlresults.cgi?PC=MASTER&ISSN=0032-079X
520			_aBackground and aims: Conservation agriculture, the combination of minimal soil movement (zero or reduced tillage), crop residue retention and crop rotation, might have the potential to increase soil organic C content and reduce emissions of CO2. Methods: Three management factors were analyzed: (1) tillage (zero tillage (ZT) or conventional tillage (CT)), (2) crop rotation (wheat monoculture (W), maize monoculture (M) and maize-wheat rotation (R)), and (3) residue management (with (+r), or without (−r) crop residues). Samples were taken from the 0?5 and 5?10 cm soil layers and separated in micro-aggregates (< 0.25 mm), small macro-aggregates (0.25 to 1 mm) and large macro-aggregates (1 to 8 mm). The carbon content of each aggregate fraction was determined. Results: Zero tillage combined with crop rotation and crop residues retention resulted in a higher proportion of macro-aggregates. In the 0?5 cm layer, plots with a crop rotation and monoculture of maize and wheat in ZT+r had the greatest proportion of large stable macro-aggregates (40%) and highest mean weighted diameter (MWD) (1.7 mm). The plots with CT had the largest proportion of micro-aggregates (27%). In the 5?10 cm layer, plots with residue retention in both CT and ZT (maize 1 mm and wheat 1.5 mm) or with monoculture of wheat in plots under ZT without residues (1.4 mm) had the greatest MWD. The 0?10 cm soil layer had a greater proportion of small macroaggregates compared to large macro-aggregates and micro-aggregates. In the 0?10 cm layer of soil with residues retention and maize or wheat, the greatest C content was found in the small and large macro-aggregates. The small macro-aggregates contributed most C to the organic C of the sample. For soil cultivated with maize, the CT treatments had significantly higher CO2 emissions than the ZT treatments. For soil cultivated with wheat, CTR-r had significantly higher CO2 emissions than all other treatments. Conclusion: Reduction in soil disturbance combined with residue retention increased the C retained in the small and large macro-aggregates of the top soil due to greater aggregate stability and reduced the emissions of CO2 compared with conventional tillage without residues retention and maize monoculture (a cultivation system normally used in the central highlands of Mexico).
536			_aConservation Agriculture Program
546			_aText in English
591			_aCIMMYT Informa No. 1825|Springer
594			_aINT3307|INT2813
595			_aCSC
650		7	_aSoil structural units _2AGROVOC _99249
650		7	_aStability _2AGROVOC _96345
650		7	_aSoil organic matter _2AGROVOC _93022
650		7	_aGreenhouse gas emissions _2AGROVOC _98210
650		7	_aZero tillage _2AGROVOC _91753
700	1		_aHidalgo, C. _921178
700	1		_aEtchevers Barra, J.D. _93796
700	1		_aLeón, F. de _921238
700	1		_aGuerrero, A. _921602
700	1		_aDendooven, L. _9470
700	1		_aVerhulst, N. _gFormerly Sustainable Intensification Program _gFormerly Integrated Development Program _gSustainable Agrifood Systems _8INT3307 _9916
700	1		_aGovaerts, B. _gSustainable Intensification Program _gIntegrated Development Program _gDG's Office _8INT2813 _9860
773	0		_tPlant and Soil _gv. 355, no. 1-2, p. 183-197 _dDordrecht (Netherlands) : Springer, 2012. _wG444682 _x0032-079X
856	4		_uhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12665/211 _yAccess only for CIMMYT Staff
942			_cJA _2ddc _n0
999			_c29781 _d29781