000			03328nab a22004337a 4500
001			G95912
003			MX-TxCIM
005			20230630173108.0
008			210614s2012 xxu|||p|op||| 00| 0 eng d
022			_a1540-7578 (Online)
022			_a1044-0046
024	8		_ahttps://doi.org/10.1080/10440046.2011.620230
040			_aMX-TxCIM
041			_aeng
090			_aCIS-6565
100	1		_aErenstein, O. _gFormerly Socioeconomics Program _8INT2677 _9848
245	1	0	_aConservation Agriculture in maize- and wheat-based systems in the (Sub)tropics : _blessons from adaptation initiatives in South Asia, Mexico, and Southern Africa
260			_aUSA : _bTaylor & Francis, _c2012.
500			_aPeer review
500			_aPeer-review: No - Open Access: Yes|http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?show=aimsScope&journalCode=wjsa21#.UxetQfldX2M
520			_aConservation agriculture's underlying principles—minimal soil disturbance, soil cover and crop rotation—are increasingly recognized as essential for sustainable agriculture. This article summarizes three contrasting cases of adapting conservation agriculture (CA) to smallholder conditions in the (sub)tropics: a) irrigated rice-wheat systems in South Asia; b) rainfed maize/wheat and irrigated wheat systems in Mexico; and c) rainfed maize in Southern Africa. In the South Asia case, farm surveys show rapid and widespread adoption of zero tillage wheat—primarily due to a substantial cost saving (15–16%). In the other cases, uptake so far has been limited—although long-term trials show continuously higher and more stable yields both for maize and wheat. Under marginal conditions CA can generate substantial yield increases—averaging some 50% over conventional smallholder maize yields of 1 ton per ha over 6 years in on-farm trails in Southern Africa. The diverse experiences attest to the wide adaptability of CA systems, which can generate clear economic and potentially enormous environmental benefits. The case studies and wider literature however also reiterate the substantial challenges in terms of targeting, adapting and adopting CA—particularly for smallholders in the (sub)tropics. CA systems are best developed in situ through a multi-stakeholder adaptive learning process to create viable CA-based options that are technically sound, economically attractive, and socially acceptable.
526			_aMCRP _bFP1 _bFP4
526			_aWC _cFP1 _cFP4
536			_aConservation Agriculture Program|Socioeconomics Program
546			_aText in English
591			_aCIMMYT Informa No. 1779
594			_aINT2677|CSAY01|INT2698
650		7	_aAdaptation _2AGROVOC _96026
650		7	_aInnovation systems _2AGROVOC _97670
650		7	_aConservation agriculture _92619 _2AGROVOC
650		7	_91763 _aSmallholders _2AGROVOC
700	1		_aSayre, K.D. _8CSAY01 _94612 _gSustainable Intensification Program
700	1		_aWall, P.C. _8INT0255 _93735 _gSustainable Intensification Program
700	1		_9852 _aHellin, J. J. _gFormerly Socioeconomics Program _8INT2698
700	1		_91553 _aDixon, J.
773	0		_tJournal of Sustainable Agriculture _gv. 36, no. 2, p. 180-206 _dUSA : Taylor & Francis, 2012. _wG445190 _x1044-0046
856	4		_uhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12665/442 _yAccess only for CIMMYT Staff
942			_cJA _2ddc _n0
999			_c28813 _d28813