000			03645nab a22003977a 4500
001			G95342
003			MX-TxCIM
005			20240919021148.0
008			121211s2011 ne |||p op||| | eneng
022	0		_a1876-4517
022	0		_a1876-4525 (Online)
024	8		_ahttps://doi.org/10.1007/s12571-011-0140-5
040			_aMX-TxCIM
041			_aeng
090			_aCIS-6355
100	1		_9696 _aShiferaw, B.
245	1	0	_aCrops that feed the world 6. Past successes and future challenges to the role played by maize in global food security
260			_c2011. _aNetherlands : _bSpringer,
500			_aPeer Review
500			_aOpen Access
520			_aMaize is one of the most important food crops in the world and, together with rice and wheat, provides at least 30% of the food calories to more than 4.5 billion people in 94 developing countries. In parts of Africa and Mesoamerica, maize alone contributes over 20% of food calories. Maize is also a key ingredient in animal feed and is used extensively in industrial products, including the production of biofuels. Increasing demand and production shortfalls in global maize supplies have worsened market volatility and contributed to surging global maize prices. Climatic variability and change, and the consequent rise in abiotic and biotic stresses, further confound the problem. Unless concerted and vigorous measures are taken to address these challenges and accelerate yield growth, the outcome will be hunger and food insecurity for millions of poor consumers. We review the research challenges of ensuring global food security in maize, particularly in the context of climate change. The paper summarizes the importance of maize for food, nutrition and livelihood security and details the historical productivity of maize, consumption patterns and future trends. We show how crop breeding to overcome biotic and abiotic stresses will play a key role in meeting future maize demand. Attention needs to be directed at the generation of high yielding, stress-tolerant and widely-adapted maize varieties through judicious combination of conventional and molecular breeding approaches. The use of improved germplasm per se will not, however, be enough to raise yields and enhance adaptation to climate change, and will need to be complemented by improved crop and agronomic practices. Faced with emasculated state extension provision and imperfect markets, new extension approaches and institutional innovations are required that enhance farmers? access to information, seeds, other inputs, finance and output markets. Over the long-term, large public and private sector investment and sustained political commitment and policy support for technology generation and delivery are needed to overcome hunger, raise the incomes of smallholder farmers and meet the challenges of growing demand for maize at the global level.
526			_aMCRP _bFP1
546			_aText in English
650		7	_aMaize _2AGROVOC _91173
650		0	_aProductivity _91756 _2AGROVOC
650		7	_aDemand _99096 _2AGROVOC
650		7	_aFood security _2AGROVOC _91118
650		7	_aPlant breeding _gAGROVOC _2 _91203
650		7	_91045 _aClimate change _2AGROVOC
700	1		_aPrasanna, B.M. _gGlobal Maize Program _8INT3057 _9887
700	1		_9852 _aHellin, J. J. _gFormerly Socioeconomics Program _8INT2698
700	1		_aBanziger, M. _gResearch & Partnership Program _gExcellence in Breeding _8INT1888 _9834
773	0		_tFood Security _gv. 3, no. 3, p. 307-327 _dNetherlands : Springer, 2011. _wu93816 _x1876-4517
856	4		_yOpen Access through DSpace _uhttp://hdl.handle.net/10883/2206
942			_cJA _2ddc _n0
999			_c28583 _d28583