000			03826nab a22004457a 4500
001			G93685
003			MX-TxCIM
005			20230731230312.0
008			210824s2010 ne |||p|op||| 00| 0 eng d
022	0		_a1876-4517
022	0		_a1876-4525 (Online)
024	8		_ahttps://doi.org/10.1007/s12571-010-0053-8
040			_aMX-TxCIM
041			_aeng
090			_aCIS-5868
100	1		_aWaddington, S.R. _95572
245	1	0	_aGetting the focus right : _bproduction constraints for six major food crops in Asian and African farming systems
260			_aNetherlands : _bSpringer, _c2010.
500			_aPeer review
500			_aPeer-review: Yes - Open Access: Yes|http://science.thomsonreuters.com/cgi-bin/jrnlst/jlresults.cgi?PC=MASTER&ISSN=1876-4517
520			_aTo determine the most important production constraints and associated yield losses for six major food crops in 13 farming systems with high poverty in Sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia and East Asia, surveys were conducted with 672 experts representing a diversity of backgrounds and experience. Respondents reported large gaps between highest achieved crop yield on smallholder farms and average yield on farm. Yield gaps were smallest for rice (about 60% of current average smallholder farm grain yields), mid size for wheat and cassava, and larger (sometimes double current farm yields) for sorghum, cowpea and chickpea. Gaps were also smaller in the high input and yield farming systems of East Asia and largest in the marginal, drier systems, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa. Four categories of production constraint (abiotic, biotic, management and socio-economic) were considered important contributors to yield gaps. A diversity of specific constraints was reported for the crops in the different systems. The most severe and widespread specific constraints for wheat involved the deficiency, high cost and poor management of N fertilizer, and problems associated with drought stress at grain filling, mid season drought and irrigation management. Those for rice included N fertilizer problems, soil fertility depletion, various leaf, stem and head pests and diseases, weed competition and inadequate water management. Striga and weed competition, soil resource degradation, poor soil fertility management, and drought were the most severe specific constraints for sorghum. Insect pests of pod, leaf, stem and flower and the high cost of their control dominated the constraint set for cowpea. Helicoverpa pod borer, Botrytis grey mould and control costs were the most severe for chickpea. Unsuitable varieties/poor seed, soil infertility and fertilizer constraints were also widespread with the legumes. Marketing problems and lack of finance were concerns for cassava along with weed competition, African cassava mosaic virus and poor varieties/planting materials. The findings can help to inform priority setting for international agricultural research and development activities on important food crops in major farming systems occupying areas of high poverty.
546			_aText in English
591			_aSpringer
650		7	_aCrop production _2AGROVOC _91063
650		7	_aConstraints _2AGROVOC _96423
650		7	_aFood crops _2AGROVOC _91994
650		7	_aPoverty _2AGROVOC _91215
650		7	_aSmallholders _2AGROVOC _91763
650		7	_aFarming systems _2AGROVOC _91109
650		7	_aYield gap _2AGROVOC _91356
651		7	_2AGROVOC _94026 _aAsia
651		7	_2AGROVOC _91316 _aAfrica
700	0		_aXiaoyun Li _919428
700	1		_91553 _aDixon, J.
700	1		_92574 _aHyman, G.
700	1		_921389 _aVicente, M.C. de
773	0		_tFood Security _gv. 2, no. 1, p. 27-48 _dNetherlands : Springer, 2010. _wG93816 _x1876-4517
856	4		_yAccess only for CIMMYT Staff _uhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12665/1066
942			_cJA _2ddc _n0
999			_c27946 _d27946