000			04861nab a22005057a 4500
001			G93531
003			MX-TxCIM
005			20240919020912.0
008			200917s2009 ne |||p|op||| 00| 0 eng d
022			_a0167-1987
024	8		_ahttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2009.06.003
040			_aMX-TxCIM
041			_aeng
090			_aCIS-5688
100	1		_aJat, M.L. _gFormerly Sustainable Intensification Program _gFormerly Sustainable Agrifood Systems _8INT3072 _9889
245	1	0	_aEvaluation of precision land leveling and double zero-till systems in the rice-wheat rotation : _bwater use, productivity, profitability and soil physical properties
260			_aAmsterdam (Netherlands) : _bElsevier, _c2009.
500			_aPeer review
500			_aPeer-review: Yes - Open Access: Yes|http://science.thomsonreuters.com/cgi-bin/jrnlst/jlresults.cgi?PC=MASTER&ISSN=0167-1987
520			_aIn recent years conventional production technologies in the rice–wheat (RW) system have been leading to deterioration of soil health and declining farm profitability due to high inputs of water and labour. Conservation agriculture (CA)-based resource-conserving technologies (RCTs) vis-à-vis zero-till (ZT), raised-bed planting and direct-seeded rice (DSR) have shown promise as alternatives to conventional production technologies to overcome these problems. The integration of CA-based RCTs with precision agriculture (PA)-based technologies in a systems perspective could provide a better option for sustainable RW production systems. In this study we attempted to evaluate conservation and precision agriculture (CPA)-based RCTs as a double-ZT system integrated with laser-assisted precision land leveling (PLL) in the RW system. A field experiment was conducted in the western IGP for 2 years to evaluate various tillage and crop establishment methods under PLL and traditional land leveling (TLL) practices to improve water productivity, economic profitability and soil physical quality. Irrespective of tillage and crop establishment methods (TCE), PLL improved RW system productivity by 7.4% in year 2 as compared to traditional land leveling. Total irrigation water savings under PLL versus TLL were 12–14% in rice and 10–13% in wheat. PLL improved RW system profitability by US$113 ha−1 (year 1) to $175 ha−1 (year 2). Yields were higher in conventionally transplanted rice followed by direct-drill-seeded rice after ZT. In wheat, yields were higher in ZT when followed by DSR than in the conventional-till (CT) system. RW system productivity under double ZT was equivalent to that of the conventional method. Among different TCE, conventional puddled-transplanted rice-CT wheat required 12–33% more water than other TCE techniques. Compared with CT systems, double ZT consumed 12–20% less water with almost equal system productivity and demonstrated higher water productivity. The CT system had higher bulk density and penetration resistance in 10–15 and 15–20 cm soil layers due to compaction caused by the repeated wet tillage in rice. The steady-state infiltration rate and soil aggregation (>0.25 mm) were higher under permanent beds and double ZT and lower in the CT system. Under CT, soil aggregation was static across seasons, whereas it improved under double no-till and permanent beds. Similarly, mean weight diameter of aggregates was higher under double ZT and permanent beds and increased over time. The study reveals that to sustain the RW system, CPA-based RCTs could be more viable options: however, the long-term effects of these alternative technologies need to be studied under varying agro-ecologies.
536			_aBorlaug Institute for South Asia|Conservation Agriculture Program
546			_aText in English
591			_aGathala, M.K. : No CIMMYT Affiliation
591			_aKumar, V. : No CIMMYT Affiliation
594			_aINT3262|INT3072|CGUR01
650		7	_aZero tillage _2AGROVOC _91753
650		7	_aLand levelling _2AGROVOC _911540
650		7	_aProfitability _2AGROVOC _98416
650		7	_aCropping systems _2AGROVOC _91068
650		7	_aRice _2AGROVOC _91243
650		7	_aWheat _2AGROVOC _91310
650		7	_aSoil properties _2AGROVOC _91269
650		7	_aWater use _2AGROVOC _915846
700	1		_aGathala, M.K. _gSustainable Intensification Program _gSustainable Agrifood Systems _8INT3262 _9911
700	1		_aLadha, J.K. _8001711567 _gFormerly Sustainable Agrifood Systems _9168
700	1		_92059 _aSaharawat, Y.S.
700	1		_99110 _aJat, A.S.
700	1		_911131 _aKumar, V.
700	1		_92935 _aSharma, S.K.
700	1		_9781 _aKumar, V. _gSustainable Intensification Program _8I1705444
700	1		_96380 _aGupta, R.
773	0		_tSoil and Tillage Research _gv. 105, no. 1, p. 112-121
856	4		_uhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12665/179 _yAccess only for CIMMYT Staff
942			_cJA _2ddc _n0
999			_c27889 _d27889