000			03924nab a22006617a 4500
001			G76470
003			MX-TxCIM
005			20231017234611.0
008			210611s2003 ne |||p|op||| 00| 0 eng d
022			_a0378-4290
024	8		_ahttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4290(02)00219-8
040			_aMX-TxCIM
041			_aeng
072		0	_aE16
072		0	_aF08
090			_aCIS-3668
100	1		_aLadha, J.K. _8001711567 _gFormerly Sustainable Agrifood Systems _9168
245	1	0	_aHow extensive are yield declines in long-term rice–wheat experiments in Asia?
260			_aAmsterdam (Netherlands) : _bElsevier, _c2003.
340			_aComputer File
500			_aPeer review
500			_aPeer-review: Yes - Open Access: Yes|http://science.thomsonreuters.com/cgi-bin/jrnlst/jlresults.cgi?PC=MASTER&ISSN=0378-4290
520			_aThe rice–wheat cropping system, occupying 24 million hectares of the productive area in South Asia and China, is important for food security. Monitoring long-term changes in crop yields and identifying the factors associated with such changes are essential to maintain and/or improve crop productivity. Long-term experiments (LTE) provide these opportunities. We analyzed 33 rice–wheat LTE in the Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP) of South Asia, non-IGP in India, and China to investigate the extent of yield stagnation or decline and identify possible causes of yield decline. In treatments where recommended rates of N, P and K were applied, yields of rice and wheat stagnated in 72 and 85% of the LTE, respectively, while 22 and 6% of the LTE showed a significant (P<0.05) declining trend for rice and wheat yields, respectively. In the rice–wheat system, particularly in the IGP, rice yields are declining more rapidly than wheat. The causes of yield decline are mostly location-specific but depletion of soil K seems to be a general cause. In over 90% of the LTE, the fertilizer K rates used were not sufficient to sustain a neutral K input–output balance. Depletion of soil C, N and Zn and reduced availability of P, delays in planting, decreases in solar radiation and increases in minimum temperatures are the other potential causes of yield decline. A more efficient, integrated strategy with detailed data collection is required to identify the specific causes of yield decline. Constant monitoring of LTEs and analysis of the data using improved statistical and simulation tools should be done to unravel the cause–effect relationships of productivity and sustainability of rice–wheat systems.
536			_aBorlaug Institute for South Asia|Global Wheat Program
546			_aText in English
591			_a0307|Elsevier|AL-Wheat Program
594			_aINT2868|CGUR01
650		7	_aCropping systems _2AGROVOC _91068
650		7	_aWheat _2AGROVOC _91310
650		7	_aRice _2AGROVOC _91243
650		7	_aFood security _2AGROVOC _91118
650		7	_aCrop yield _2AGROVOC _91066
651		7	_2AGROVOC _94026 _aAsia
700	1		_920229 _aDawe, D.
700	1		_92998 _aPathak, H.
700	1		_93004 _aPadre, A.T.
700	1		_920230 _aYadav, R.L.
700	1		_96355 _aSingh, B.
700	1		_9700 _aSingh, Y.
700	1		_920231 _aSingh, Y.
700	1		_920232 _aSingh, P.N.
700	1		_920233 _aKundu, A.L.
700	1		_920234 _aSakal, R.
700	1		_920235 _aRam, N.
700	1		_915878 _aRegmi, A.P.
700	1		_920236 _aGami, S.K.
700	1		_920237 _aBhandari, A.L.
700	1		_920238 _aAmin, R.
700	1		_920239 _aYadav, C.R.
700	1		_920240 _aBhattarai, E.M.
700	1		_920241 _aDas, S.
700	1		_920242 _aAggarwal, H.P.
700	1		_9515 _aGupta, R.K.
700	1		_9525 _aHobbs, P.R.
773	0		_tField Crops Research _n632164 _gv. 81, no. 2-3, p. 159-180 _dAmsterdam (Netherlands) : Elsevier, 2003. _wG444314 _x0378-4290
856	4		_yAccess only for CIMMYT Staff _uhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12665/429
942			_cJA _2ddc _n0
999			_c22818 _d22818