000			03495naa a22003737a 4500
001			G89988
003			MX-TxCIM
005			20240919020959.0
008			240404s2007 ne ||||| |||| 00| 0 eng d
020			_a978-1-4020-5496-9
024	8		_ahttps://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-5497-1_5
040			_aMX-TxCIM
090			_aCIS-5045
100	1		_aSingh, R.P. _gGlobal Wheat Program _8INT0610 _9825
245	1	0	_aSpread of a highly virulent race of Puccinia graminis tritici in Eastern Africa
260			_aDordrecht (Netherlands) : _bSpringer, _c2007.
340			_aPrinted|Computer File
490			_aDevelopments in Plant Breeding ; _v12
520			_aStem or black rust, caused by Puccinia graminis, has historically caused severe losses to wheat (Triticum aestivum) production worldwide. Its control for over 30 years through the use of genetic resistance in semidwarf cultivars is a remarkable success story. However, this situation also has led to decline in research and breeding for resistance in many countries. In 1999, high susceptibility of CIMMYT germplasm was noted in Uganda and an increase in stem rust incidence and severity was seen in Kenya. The causal race, commonly known as Ug99 and designated as TTKS based on the North American nomenclature, carries virulence for several genes commonly present in wheat germplasm including gene Sr31 located in the 1BL.1RS wheat-rye translocation known to be present in several leading spring and winter wheat cultivars and germplasm worldwide. Race Ug99 is now widespread in wheat growing areas of Kenya and Ethiopia and has caused susceptibility of many popular cultivars. This race is expected to migrate further to northern Africa through Arabian Peninsula and then to Middle East, West Asia and eventually to South Asia as recently happened with yellow rust. Severe losses are likely to occur because several major cultivars in the migration path are susceptible to this race. The challenge is to identify/develop suitable resistant cultivars in a relatively short time and implement appropriate strategies to replace the susceptible cultivars before rust migrates out of Eastern Africa. Although several alien genes will provide resistance to this race, the long-term strategy should focus on rebuilding the Sr2-complex (combination of slow rusting gene Sr2 with other unknown additive genes of similar nature) to achieve long-term durability once again. A Global Rust Initiative has been launched to monitor the further migration of this race, facilitate field testing in Kenya or Ethiopia of wheat cultivars and germplasm developed by wheat breeding programs worldwide, understand the genetic basis of resistance especially the durable type, and carry out targeted breeding to incorporate diverse resistance genes into key cultivars and germplasm.
536			_aGlobal Wheat Program
546			_aText in English
594			_aINT0610
650		7	_2AGROVOC _91310 _aWheat
650		7	_2AGROVOC _926782 _aStem rust
650		7	_2AGROVOC _92129 _aVirulence
700	1		_aKinyua, M. _917316
700	1		_92088 _aWanyera, R.
700	1		_aNjau, P.N. _92089
700	1		_aJin, Y. _98128
700	1		_aHuerta-Espino, J. _gGlobal Wheat Program _8CHUE01 _9397
711	2		_928100 _aInternational Wheat Conference _n(7th : _d27 Nov - 2 Dec 2005 : _cMar de Plata, Argentina)
773	0		_dDordrecht (Netherlands) : Springer, 2007. _gp. 51-57 _tWheat Production in Stressed Environments _wG89985 _z978-1-4020-5496-9
942			_cCPA _2ddc _n0
999			_c10215 _d10215