Peer review

Title and abstract available in English

The reactive nitrogen emissions(NH3, N2O, NO)resulted from inappropriate application of nitrogen fertilizers has caused serious impacts on the environment. The volatilized ammonia could reactive with other acidic gases in the air and then form the aerosol which may lead to the decline of air quality. N2O, a kind of greenhouse gas with higher global warming potential and contributed to the global warming, is emitted through the nitrogen turnover processes in the soil. NO, also emitted through the soil nitrogen transformation processes, could be oxidized in the air and subsequently result in the photochemical pollution of air and secondary pollution(eg. acid rain). Urease and nitrification inhibitors(UIs/NIs)have been receiving wide attention globally owing to the evident effect in ameliorating the negative risks of active nitrogen to the environment. Based on reviewing the recent progresses in the microbial mechanisms of nitrogen nitrification, as well as some results of meta-analyses, this review summarized the following aspects on UIs and NIs. i)The types, inhibiting mechanisms, disturbing pathways on associated microbes of some prevalent UIs and NIs. ii)The effects of UIs and NIs on the mitigation of ammonia volatilization and N2O/NO emissions. iii)The influencing factors which affect the effects of UIs/NIs, such as temperature, soil moisture, soil pH, soil texture, and soil organic matter etc. Finally, the possible research aspects and perspectives on UIs and BNIs were discussed.

Text in Chinese