Conventional agriculture cannot fulfill all the requirements expected from agriculture. Whereas, sustainable agriculture can help us achieve all the agricultural needs. Sustainable agriculture fulfills the agricultural needs by using the resources from the environment to the maximum, without damaging the natural resources. Hence, this technique provides safe and healthy products from agriculture without causing damage to the environment. The microbial population plays a key role in determining the strength and productivity of agro-ecosystems as they directly affect the fundamental processes related to them. Ongoing research areas help in understanding the diversity, dynamics and importance of soil microbial communities and how they can help in increasing the agricultural productivity. Although, here is the only effects of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and cyanobacteria on sustainable agriculture is addressed. An agricultural system which is sustainable, improves human health, causes no damage to the natural environment and meets the global food requirement can be referred to as an ideal system. Use of bio-fertilizers can help reduce environmental pollution, urea consumption and soil depletion. The PGPR and cyanobacteria model systems can deliver genetic constituents and bioactive compounds which affect sustainable agriculture and hence environment. PGPR and cyanobacteria can improve crop production and soil health, utilizing sustainable technique.

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