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Propiedades físicas, químicas y correlaciones de maíces híbridos precoces para valles altos

By: Contributor(s): Material type: ArticleArticleLanguage: Spanish Publication details: Venezuela : Sociedad Latinoamericana de Nutrición, 1992.ISSN:
  • 0004-0622
Subject(s): In: Archivos Latinoamericanos de Nutrición v. 42, no. 2, p. 161-167Summary: La evaluación de las propiedades físicas y químicas del grano de maíz permite caracterizar de manera integral las variedades experimentales que presentan buen rendimiento y características agronómicas favorables, los objetivos del presente estudio fueron 1) clasificar 24 híbridos modernos de maíz tipo precoz; en base al tipo de endospermo y 2) determinar sus propiedades físico-químicas y sus correlaciones. Los parámetros físicos fueron: peso hectolitrico (Peh), textura de endospermo (TE), índice de perlado (IP), peso de 1000 granos (P1000), reflectancia en el infrarrojo (NIR) y color (Ref), los químicos: proteína (Prt), lisina (Lis) y triptofano (trp). La clasificación en base al IP permitió detectar 5 híbridos con endospermo suave, 12 intermedios y 7 duros. Los híbridos con endospermo duro presentaron el promedio Peh de 80.30 Kg/hl, Prt de 10.70%, Trip 0.082% y NIR de 0.35, que fueron estadísticamente mayores a aquellos de los híbridos con endospermo suave. El IP correlacionó negativamente con Prt, NIR y Peh y positivamente con Ref, lo cual significa que los maíces con endospermo suave o harinoso presentaron menor contenido de proteína, menor tamaño medio de partícula en la harina, mayor tamaño de grano y harina de color más claro. Se detectaron híbridos con rendimientos de 8.1 a 9.5 ton ha-1 con endospermo suave, intermedio o duro.Summary: Physical and chemical properties and correlations of early corn kernels for high valleys. The evaluation of physical and chemical properties of corn kernels permits the obtaining a wider vision of the experimental hybrids that present good yield and suitable agronomic characteristics. The objectives of this paper were: to classify 24 modern hybrids of early corn according to endosperm texture and to determine their physical and chemical properties and their relationships. The physical parameters tested were: test weight (TW), endosperm texture (TE), pearling index (IP), 1000 kernel wt (W 1000), infrared reflectance (NIR) and color (Ref). The chemical parameters tested were: protein content (Prt), lysine content (Lis) and trytophan content (Trp). When the hybrids were classified according to IP it was possible to detect 5 hybrids with soft, 12 intermediates and 7 with hard endosperm. The hybrids with hard endosperm presented an average TW of 80.3 Kg/hl, 10.70% of Prt, 0.082% of Trp and 0.35 of NIR, these values were statistically higher than those hybrids with soft endosperm; the IP showed a negative relationship with Prt, NIR and TW; a positive relationship was observed with Ref, meaning that corn grains with soft endosperm presented lower protein content and smaller average flour particle size, larger size grain and whiter color. It was possible to detect hybrids with yiels from 8.1 to 9.5 t ha-1 with soft, intermedite and hard endosperms.
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Abstract in Spanish and English

La evaluación de las propiedades físicas y químicas del grano de maíz permite caracterizar de manera integral las variedades experimentales que presentan buen rendimiento y características agronómicas favorables, los objetivos del presente estudio fueron 1) clasificar 24 híbridos modernos de maíz tipo precoz; en base al tipo de endospermo y 2) determinar sus propiedades físico-químicas y sus correlaciones. Los parámetros físicos fueron: peso hectolitrico (Peh), textura de endospermo (TE), índice de perlado (IP), peso de 1000 granos (P1000), reflectancia en el infrarrojo (NIR) y color (Ref), los químicos: proteína (Prt), lisina (Lis) y triptofano (trp). La clasificación en base al IP permitió detectar 5 híbridos con endospermo suave, 12 intermedios y 7 duros. Los híbridos con endospermo duro presentaron el promedio Peh de 80.30 Kg/hl, Prt de 10.70%, Trip 0.082% y NIR de 0.35, que fueron estadísticamente mayores a aquellos de los híbridos con endospermo suave. El IP correlacionó negativamente con Prt, NIR y Peh y positivamente con Ref, lo cual significa que los maíces con endospermo suave o harinoso presentaron menor contenido de proteína, menor tamaño medio de partícula en la harina, mayor tamaño de grano y harina de color más claro. Se detectaron híbridos con rendimientos de 8.1 a 9.5 ton ha-1 con endospermo suave, intermedio o duro.

Physical and chemical properties and correlations of early corn kernels for high valleys. The evaluation of physical and chemical properties of corn kernels permits the obtaining a wider vision of the experimental hybrids that present good yield and suitable agronomic characteristics. The objectives of this paper were: to classify 24 modern hybrids of early corn according to endosperm texture and to determine their physical and chemical properties and their relationships. The physical parameters tested were: test weight (TW), endosperm texture (TE), pearling index (IP), 1000 kernel wt (W 1000), infrared reflectance (NIR) and color (Ref). The chemical parameters tested were: protein content (Prt), lysine content (Lis) and trytophan content (Trp). When the hybrids were classified according to IP it was possible to detect 5 hybrids with soft, 12 intermediates and 7 with hard endosperm. The hybrids with hard endosperm presented an average TW of 80.3 Kg/hl, 10.70% of Prt, 0.082% of Trp and 0.35 of NIR, these values were statistically higher than those hybrids with soft endosperm; the IP showed a negative relationship with Prt, NIR and TW; a positive relationship was observed with Ref, meaning that corn grains with soft endosperm presented lower protein content and smaller average flour particle size, larger size grain and whiter color. It was possible to detect hybrids with yiels from 8.1 to 9.5 t ha-1 with soft, intermedite and hard endosperms.

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