TY  - PRO
AU  - Mikava,N.
AU  - Bedoshvili,D.
ED  - Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maiz y Trigo (CIMMYT)
ED  - 
TI  - Fertilizing field lentil in the dry areas
U1  - 633.1147 
PY  - 2004///
CY  - Tbilisi (Georgia)
PB  - CIMMYT
KW  - Crop yield
KW  - AGROVOC
KW  - Fertilization
KW  - Georgia
KW  - Inoculation
KW  - Lentils
KW  - Plant growth substances
KW  - Protein content
KW  - Soil fertility
KW  - CIMMYT
N1  - Abstract only
N2  - Field lentil for Georgia is a legume grown in the region as a high protein crop for livestock feed and human consumption. Acreage of field pea has increased recently, with the trend expected to continue as traditional wheat producers search for rotational crops that will decrease marketing risk, decrease the risk of certain diseases and insects, and increase the quality of soil in their fields. Acreage of lentil remained stable from 1993 to 1996 at about 9,000 acres per year in North Dakota. Although some yield response of pea and lentil can be seen with high rates of nitrogen supplements, usually little additional nitrogen is required if the seed is treated with the proper inoculum. Inoculate lentil with the lentil strain of Rhizobium leguminosarum and field pea with the pea strain of Rhizobium leguminosarum. Studies have shown that from 60 to 80% of the N in field pea comes from nitrogen fixation. The remainder may come from soil organic matter/residue mineralization or nitrogen fertilizer. In a soil fertility trial at Carrington in 1995, beginning soil test levels were 20 lb of NO3-N in the surface 0-2 foot depth. Inoculation significantly improved yields. Differences between inoculation treatments were not significant. The 90 lb/acre N rate gave yields similar to inoculated treatments. Generally, inoculation is less expensive than nitrogen fertilizer and supplemental nitrogen fertilizer would not be encouraged in most fields. Field pea and lentil respond to P fertilization. P rates depend on soil test levels and yield goals. Yield goals are determined by looking at past field histories, or if the crop is new to a production area, consulting with an agronomist or a producer in the North Dakota Pea and Lentil Association may give some insight into what a practical yield expectation is. Phosphate may be broadcast, but increased yields have been seen when P is side-banded or banded with the seed. When fertilizing in a band application, the amount of P recommended at very low (VL) and low (L) soil P levels can be decreased by one-third The limit to P fertilizer applied in the seed band is about 20 lb/acre P2O5 as MAP (monoammonium phosphate, also designated as 11- 52-0, or 10-50-0). DAP ( diammonium phosphate, also designated 18-46-0) is often too "hot" for germinating pea and lentil seeds and young seedlings, so it should be avoided, as should other nitrogen containing fertilizers. MAP, although it contains nitrogen, is somewhat safer, because when it dissolves, it produces lower amounts of free ammonia than other fertilizers. Canadian recommendations limit the source of seed banded P to MAP, and also recommend that rates be kept at a limit of about 40 lb/acre of MAP, or about 20 lb/acre P2O5. Recent work at Carrington verifies these previously observed characteristics in a double-disc drill placement study. Spreading out fertilizer with an air-seeder drill attachment may further safe seed placed application through dilution; however, rates of phosphate should be kept no higher than the recommended levels. If soil test levels of potassium are low, addition of potassium fertilizer would be Recommended. Most fields in North Dakota are high in K, so the probability of response would be very Low. Areas lower in K would tend to be sandy soils in higher landscape positions. Sulfur deficiencies on field pea have been observed in North Dakota on sandy, eroded hillsides and hilltops under low organic matter conditions. These areas may respond to sulfur fertilizer if treated with a soluble form of sulfate supplying fertilizer. Elemental sulfur products are not generally effective in the first year of application due to a slow microbial conversion to sulfate. Treatment of entire fields with sulfur would only be recommended on low organic matter fields with low sulfur soil test levels. No reports of responses of lentil and field pea to iron, copper, zinc, chloride, manganese or boron have been reported in North Dakota. These crops are either not sensitive to low soil levels of these nutrients, or levels of these nutrients are sufficiently supplied by the soil for these crops
ER  -