TY  - JA
AU  - Navneet Kaur
AU  - Singh,P.
AU  - Amarjeet Singh Sandhu
AU  - Raminder Singh Ghuman
AU  - Gurdeep Singh
TI  - Characterization of herbicide use pattern and factors responsible for herbicide resistance against Phalaris minor in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in north–western, India
SN  - 0370-0046
PY  - 2024///
CY  - India
PB  - Springer Nature, 
KW  - Herbicide resistance
KW  - AGROVOC
KW  - Wheat
KW  - Phalaris
KW  - India
N1  - Peer review
N2  - Herbicide resistance has become one of the major unsustainability issues of the worlds’ largest wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) ecosystems. In wheat, there is problem of herbicide resistance in Phalaris minor. Phalaris minor can cause wheat yield loss of 10–50% depending upon the density. We therefore, aimed to characterize herbicide use pattern and the factors responsible for the development of herbicide resistance against Phalaris minor in wheat based on data recording from 250 wheat growers of two contrasting agro-ecological regions viz. Bathinda (in south-western) and Rupnagar (in sub-mountainous), Punjab in north–western India. These results revealed that ~ 80–83% of respondent were using clodinafop, sulfosulfuron and pinoxaden herbicides against P. minor. On an average, farmers were applying 1.87-times of x-dose of total herbicides, but still getting only 70–82% control of P. minor. Albeit of perceived resistance, clodinafop was the most preferred herbicide against P. minor. The developed binary logistic regression model revealed that besides consistent application of herbicides of same mode of action, cultural variables viz. conservational method of sowing (zero tillage), time to first irrigation after sowing (< 24 days), days to reach field capacity moisture within 10 days and crop rotation followed were elucidated as a significant (p < 0.05) determinants of problem of herbicide resistance encountered by farmers. About 95.6% of farmers were using less water (225–300 L ha−1) and flood jet or hollow cone nozzles against the recommended practices (375 L ha−1 water and flat fan nozzle), therefore, contribute significantly towards the development of herbicide resistance against P. minor in wheat. Additionally, ~ 74% farmers followed delayed herbicide application against recommended time (30–35 days after sowing), which resulted in reduced efficacy of applied herbicides. About 75.6% respondents perceived poor quality of herbicides as prime cause for ineffectiveness of applied herbicides, while others believed that mono-cropping and over/under-dose of applied herbicides contributed to the evolution of resistance in P. minor. The ‘β’ coefficient values (Exp(β) = 0.754) of Logit model developed revealed that if farmers follow crop rotation, there are ~ 75.4% chances of decreased herbicide resistance in P. minor. Similarly, the farmers’ who apply first irrigation within first 24 days after sowing have ~ 2.67-times higher chances of escaping the herbicide resistance, compared with those where first irrigation to crop is delayed (Exp(β) = 2.674). Therefore, addressing the complexities surrounding herbicide resistance in wheat ecosystems necessitates a multifaceted approach that integrates cultural practices, judicious herbicide application, and adherence to recommended agronomic techniques, such as crop rotation and timely irrigation, to effectively mitigate the evolution of resistance in P. minor
T2  - Proceedings of the Indian National Science Academy
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s43538-024-00374-y
ER  -