TY  - JA
AU  - Peng Ma
AU  - Hua Zhang
AU  - Hongxia Shui
AU  - Xuecai Zhang
AU  - Xiuquan Wang
AU  - Shibin Gao
AU  - Haiying Zhang
AU  - Zhi Nie
AU  - Chunyan Qing
AU  - Tingqi Lu
AU  - Qihua Pang
AU  - Wenzheng Pei
AU  - Hongmei Chen
AU  - Chenyan He
AU  - Bowen Luo
AU  - Dan He
TI  - Unveiling the heterosis pattern of modern maize breeding in Southwest China through population structure and genetic diversity analysis
SN  - 1471-2229
PY  - 2025///
CY  - United Kingdom
PB  - BioMed Central Ltd,, 
KW  - Maize
KW  - AGROVOC
KW  - Breeding
KW  - Single nucleotide polymorphisms
KW  - Combining ability
KW  - Heterosis
KW  - Genetic diversity (resource)
KW  - China
N1  - Peer review; Open Access
N2  - Maize (Zea mays L.) is an important food crop throughout the world and is also one of the earliest crops to use heterosis. In this study, we evaluated the genetic diversity, population structure, and selective sweep of 100 elite inbred maize lines collected from the current breeding program in Sichuan province, Southwest China, using 5,261,175 high-quality single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). We discovered an abundance of genetic diversities and classified them into four groups. By combining kinship relationships, these groups were further divided into Tropic-local A, Improved-tropic, Tropic-local B, and Improved-local. Genomic differentiation was assessed using Fst values (0.21-0.44) as well as genetic diversity (pi = 6.07 x 10-4 - 6.61 x 10-4). We generated 900 (90 x 10) hybrids using 90 and 10 inbred maize lines from 100 diverse maize germplasms. All hybrids were evaluated for 10 traits in three replicate tests across two locations. We found that the patterns of G1 x G3, G1 x G4, G2 x G3, and G3 x G4 exhibited significant heterosis in yield-related traits and have been used in commercial breeding. In addition, we also explored the relationship between 10 traits of hybrid offspring and the number of heterozygous SNP. Under most heterosis modes, the best linear unbiased estimation (BLUE) value of the trait was highly consistent with the trend of deleterious SNPs, but there was a deviation in the G1 x G3 mode. Taken together, the results provide insight into the utilization of the current maize germplasm in Sichuan province to improve hybrid breeding
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/10883/35634
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-025-06498-7
T2  - BMC Plant Biology
ER  -