TY  - PRO
AU  - Scharen,A.L.
AU  - Ginkel,M.van|McNab,A.|Krupinsky,J.
ED  - Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maiz y Trigo (CIMMYT), Mexico DF (Mexico)
TI  - Biology of the Septoria/Stagonospora pathogens:  An overview
SN  - 970-648-035-8
U1  - 632.4 
PY  - 1999///
CY  - Mexico, DF (Mexico)
PB  - CIMMYT
KW  - Africa
KW  - Fungi
KW  - AGROVOC
KW  - Identification
KW  - Parasitic plants
KW  - Pathogens
KW  - Plant diseases
KW  - Triticum
KW  - CIMMYT
N2  - More than 2000 form-species of fungi, mostly plant parasites, comprise the genera Septoria and Stagonospora. The two most important pathogens in wheat production are Mycosphaerella graminicola (Septoria tritici) and Phaeosphaeria nodorum (Stagonospora nodorum). Primary inoculum for the wheat diseases caused by these pathogens is most often air-borne ascospores, but may also be wind- and rain-borne conidia. Field diagnoses may be augmented and made more exact by use of rapid immunological tests and molecular genetic methods. Infection processes of S. tritici and S. nodorum are similar, but penetration by S. tritici is known only via stomata. Patterns of occurrence of the two pathogens have changed dramatically in recent years. Septoria tritici has become more important in northern Europe, and S. nodorum incidence has increased in parts of North Africa. Changes in cultivars and cultural practices are thought to be responsible for the shifts in pathogens and diseases. Genetics of resistance in wheat host and virulence in the pathogen populations continues to be unclear. Some gene-for-gene interactions have been shown, but in field situations resistance is generally observed as non-specific and pathogen populations vary most in aggressiveness
ER  -