Agronomic characterization and diversity of wheat landraces currently grown in Turkey based on nationwide inventory
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TextPublication details: 2013Description: p. 97Summary: Turkey is one of the few countries in the world that wheat landraces (LR) have currently been grown. In 1930?s, Mirza Gokgol made an extensive survey for wheat in Turkey. He published his findings in a two-volume book called Turkey?s Wheats. Most of the wheat varieties in those days were LR. After 1960?s modern wheat cultivars went to the farmer fields and LR?s have been swept out of the fields remaining only in remote and marginal lands. Though there are many modern wheat cultivars, some farmers continue to grow LR in their farms even some with the same names in the same areas cited by M. Gokgol in 1930s. The natural selection is going on and evolution takes place within the farmers fields. Turkey is divided into 11 sub-regions based on agroecological zones. We started collections in 2009 and covered more than 80 % of wheat growing areas of Turkey until 2012. Up to date, more than 1300 LR samples have been collected. All features of farmland and farmers, such as geographical coordinates, altitudes, social factors etc. have been recorded during the collections. More than 140 local names have been recorded for collected samples. 50 % of samples were bread wheat, 30 % durum wheat, 14 % club wheat and the rest were other types including other species. Mainly the spike samples were collected from the fields. The collected samples from each collection of LR were grouped to ?Botanical Variety?. They were planted as Head Row (HR). Selected HR?s have been planted as preliminary yield trial (PYT) with the check cultivars to assess their agricultural, genetic attributes. Selected entries from PYT were tested in multilocational trials. Farms were small sized and farmer ages were over 50 years old (Table 1). Most of the production is consumed within family due to their preference for the local products. Though the farmers complain mainly about lodging and disease susceptibility of LR, the rust tests revealed that there were LR resistant to either one of 3 rusts Yr, Lr and Sr. At the same time, some of them were carrying APR for Yr that may be new sources of resistance or new combinations of APR genes. Yield of some of the LR?s were competitive to modern cultivars especially under moisture stress. LR are moving out of the farmland very fast; these farmers may be the last farmers who keep LR in their field.
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Abstract only
Turkey is one of the few countries in the world that wheat landraces (LR) have currently been grown. In 1930?s, Mirza Gokgol made an extensive survey for wheat in Turkey. He published his findings in a two-volume book called Turkey?s Wheats. Most of the wheat varieties in those days were LR. After 1960?s modern wheat cultivars went to the farmer fields and LR?s have been swept out of the fields remaining only in remote and marginal lands. Though there are many modern wheat cultivars, some farmers continue to grow LR in their farms even some with the same names in the same areas cited by M. Gokgol in 1930s. The natural selection is going on and evolution takes place within the farmers fields. Turkey is divided into 11 sub-regions based on agroecological zones. We started collections in 2009 and covered more than 80 % of wheat growing areas of Turkey until 2012. Up to date, more than 1300 LR samples have been collected. All features of farmland and farmers, such as geographical coordinates, altitudes, social factors etc. have been recorded during the collections. More than 140 local names have been recorded for collected samples. 50 % of samples were bread wheat, 30 % durum wheat, 14 % club wheat and the rest were other types including other species. Mainly the spike samples were collected from the fields. The collected samples from each collection of LR were grouped to ?Botanical Variety?. They were planted as Head Row (HR). Selected HR?s have been planted as preliminary yield trial (PYT) with the check cultivars to assess their agricultural, genetic attributes. Selected entries from PYT were tested in multilocational trials. Farms were small sized and farmer ages were over 50 years old (Table 1). Most of the production is consumed within family due to their preference for the local products. Though the farmers complain mainly about lodging and disease susceptibility of LR, the rust tests revealed that there were LR resistant to either one of 3 rusts Yr, Lr and Sr. At the same time, some of them were carrying APR for Yr that may be new sources of resistance or new combinations of APR genes. Yield of some of the LR?s were competitive to modern cultivars especially under moisture stress. LR are moving out of the farmland very fast; these farmers may be the last farmers who keep LR in their field.
Global Wheat Program
English
Lucia Segura
INT1787
CIMMYT Staff Publications Collection