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Effect of organophosphorus and pyretroid chemicals on the control of maize aphids

By: Contributor(s): Material type: TextTextPublication details: Tbilisi (Georgia) CIMMYT : 2004Description: p. 366Subject(s): DDC classification:
  • 633.1147 BED
Summary: Among the pests of agricultural crops the aphids are the most populated family of Homoptera. In many areas of maize cultivation aphids are the most dangerous pests of maize. We aimed at the selection of the most effective and environmentally safe insecticides, evaluation of their toxicity and effectiveness in controling of maize aphid populations at K vemo Kartli Plain. Leaves of maize variety Kartuli Krugi populated with aphids were used in the experiments. Toxicity of the tested chemicals was assessed through the probit analyses (Gegenava, 1960). In terms of the toxicity to aphid larvae the tested chemicals were put in descending order as follows: Decis 25 %, Cimbush 25 %, Dursban 40.8 %, Carbophos 30 %, and Actellic 50 %. According to the maize variety toxicity, the above chemicals are ranged as follows: Decis 25%, Cimbush 25%, Carbophos 30%, Actellic 50%, Dursban 40.8 %. The highest toxicity, and therefore, effectiveness in maize aphid control was ascertained for the synthetic pyretroids followed by the organophosphorous insecticides. The tested chemicals show high initial toxicity as well as long duration of the toxic effect. This fact enables us to suppose that their biological effectiveness is also high. Pyretroid chemicals Cimbush 25 % and Decis 2.5 % are especially effective in maize aphid control. The same chemicals as tested in laboratory were subjected to field tests. They proved to be highly toxic and consequently, highly effective against maize aphids. Biological effectiveness in all cases rated 89-100%. The best results were shown by pyretroids Decis 25 % and Cimbush 25 % with the effectiveness rating of 100%. Lethal concentration LC-50, its maximum and minimum limits and concentration-response curve slopes were assessed. As per the calculations the highest toxicity was ascertained for Decis 2.5 %. Recently, pyretroid and organophosphorous insecticides took the leading place in chemical protection of plants against pest aphids. They have almost totally replaced the insecticides that were traditionally used in plant protection, including phytogenic insecticides nicotine sulfate, anabasine sulfate and others (Arab, 1991 ).
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Conference proceedings CIMMYT Knowledge Center: John Woolston Library CIMMYT Publications Collection 633.1147 BED (Browse shelf(Opens below)) 1 Available 5A630072
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Abstract only

Among the pests of agricultural crops the aphids are the most populated family of Homoptera. In many areas of maize cultivation aphids are the most dangerous pests of maize. We aimed at the selection of the most effective and environmentally safe insecticides, evaluation of their toxicity and effectiveness in controling of maize aphid populations at K vemo Kartli Plain. Leaves of maize variety Kartuli Krugi populated with aphids were used in the experiments. Toxicity of the tested chemicals was assessed through the probit analyses (Gegenava, 1960). In terms of the toxicity to aphid larvae the tested chemicals were put in descending order as follows: Decis 25 %, Cimbush 25 %, Dursban 40.8 %, Carbophos 30 %, and Actellic 50 %. According to the maize variety toxicity, the above chemicals are ranged as follows: Decis 25%, Cimbush 25%, Carbophos 30%, Actellic 50%, Dursban 40.8 %. The highest toxicity, and therefore, effectiveness in maize aphid control was ascertained for the synthetic pyretroids followed by the organophosphorous insecticides. The tested chemicals show high initial toxicity as well as long duration of the toxic effect. This fact enables us to suppose that their biological effectiveness is also high. Pyretroid chemicals Cimbush 25 % and Decis 2.5 % are especially effective in maize aphid control. The same chemicals as tested in laboratory were subjected to field tests. They proved to be highly toxic and consequently, highly effective against maize aphids. Biological effectiveness in all cases rated 89-100%. The best results were shown by pyretroids Decis 25 % and Cimbush 25 % with the effectiveness rating of 100%. Lethal concentration LC-50, its maximum and minimum limits and concentration-response curve slopes were assessed. As per the calculations the highest toxicity was ascertained for Decis 2.5 %. Recently, pyretroid and organophosphorous insecticides took the leading place in chemical protection of plants against pest aphids. They have almost totally replaced the insecticides that were traditionally used in plant protection, including phytogenic insecticides nicotine sulfate, anabasine sulfate and others (Arab, 1991 ).

English

0409|AGRIS 0401|AL-Maize Program

Juan Carlos Mendieta

CIMMYT Publications Collection


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