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Extract: This paper employs production function analysis to examine a number of pivotal issues concerning the Soviet agricultural sector. Estimates of three input translog production functions for five agricultural commodities grown in the Soviet Union from 1960-76 are reported. These results are used to draw inferences on such matters as the rationality of Soviet agricultural factor pricing, the nature of agricultural returns to scale in the USSR, and the scope of factor substitution in that country. The empirical evidence suggests that Soviet decisions in the sphere of agricultural production, contrary to the conventional wisdom, are well-founded technologically

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