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Soil health research in Parwanipur out-reach command area, Nepal

By: Contributor(s): Material type: TextTextLanguage: English Series: Rice-Wheat Consortium Paper Series ; No. 16Publication details: New Delhi (India) : Rice-Wheat Consortium for the Indo-Gangetic Plains; CIMMYT; CABI, 2004.Description: 9 pagesISSN:
  • 0972-2084
Subject(s): In: Soil health and sustainability of the rice-wheat systems of the indo-gangetic plains; Proceedings of the End of Project Workshop; Kathmandu Nepal; 7-10 May 2002 p. 9-17Summary: This study compared different tillage practices for wheat within Parwanipur Regiona1 Agricultural Research Station (Nepal) out-reach command area. The objective was to determine the effect on soil health and the microbiota profile of using minimum tillage and surface seeding to grow wheat compared to using conventional tillage. Two farmers growing successive rice- wheat crops were selected from each of Bara, Parsa, and Rautahat districts. In each district one farmer was growing wheat under conventional tillage and the other was using minimum tillage. Four more fields were sampled at Ranighat research station, Birganj. The study recorded the population and identity of soil fungi. Soil and plant samples were collected for the rice in September 2001 and for the wheat in March 2002. At the same time the study recorded the incidence and severity of diseases on the leaves, stems and roots. Soil dilution plating was used to determine fungal population isolation on five different agar. Sheath blight (Rhizoctonia solani) and brown leaf spot (Cochliobolus miyabeanus) were the main pathogens found on rice, while Bipolaris sorokiniana and Pyrenophora tritici-repentis were the major pathogens causing wheat leaf blight. Disease severity varied depending on location, date of planting and variety. There was less leaf spot in the rice than in the wheat crop. Root necrosis was significantly higher at two of the sites under minimum tillage in both the rice and wheat crops. Total fungal colony counts were higher to slightly higher in the conventionally tilled rice and wheat. Rhizoctonia oryzae-sativae and Nakataea irregulare were isolated from both crops. Other fungi isolated from both rice and wheat were Aspergillus niger, Gliocladium roseum and Trichoderma harzianum. No indications were found of any adverse effect on soil hea1th of using minimum and surface seeding techniques for growing wheat in the study area.
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This study compared different tillage practices for wheat within Parwanipur Regiona1 Agricultural Research Station (Nepal) out-reach command area. The objective was to determine the effect on soil health and the microbiota profile of using minimum tillage and surface seeding to grow wheat compared to using conventional tillage. Two farmers growing successive rice- wheat crops were selected from each of Bara, Parsa, and Rautahat districts. In each district one farmer was growing wheat under conventional tillage and the other was using minimum tillage. Four more fields were sampled at Ranighat research station, Birganj. The study recorded the population and identity of soil fungi. Soil and plant samples were collected for the rice in September 2001 and for the wheat in March 2002. At the same time the study recorded the incidence and severity of diseases on the leaves, stems and roots. Soil dilution plating was used to determine fungal population isolation on five different agar. Sheath blight (Rhizoctonia solani) and brown leaf spot (Cochliobolus miyabeanus) were the main pathogens found on rice, while Bipolaris sorokiniana and Pyrenophora tritici-repentis were the major pathogens causing wheat leaf blight. Disease severity varied depending on location, date of planting and variety. There was less leaf spot in the rice than in the wheat crop. Root necrosis was significantly higher at two of the sites under minimum tillage in both the rice and wheat crops. Total fungal colony counts were higher to slightly higher in the conventionally tilled rice and wheat. Rhizoctonia oryzae-sativae and Nakataea irregulare were isolated from both crops. Other fungi isolated from both rice and wheat were Aspergillus niger, Gliocladium roseum and Trichoderma harzianum. No indications were found of any adverse effect on soil hea1th of using minimum and surface seeding techniques for growing wheat in the study area.

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