Impact of nine years of conservation tillage and precise nutrient management on equivalent yields, soil microbial dynamics, and water-energy footprints of the maize–mustard rotation (Record no. 69695)
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| 000 -LEADER | |
|---|---|
| fixed length control field | 04354nab|a22005657a|4500 |
| 001 - CONTROL NUMBER | |
| control field | 69695 |
| 003 - CONTROL NUMBER IDENTIFIER | |
| control field | MX-TxCIM |
| 005 - DATE AND TIME OF LATEST TRANSACTION | |
| control field | 20251209170527.0 |
| 008 - FIXED-LENGTH DATA ELEMENTS--GENERAL INFORMATION | |
| fixed length control field | 2512092025|||||sz ||p|op||||00||0|eng|dd |
| 022 ## - INTERNATIONAL STANDARD SERIAL NUMBER | |
| International Standard Serial Number | 2571-581X (Online) |
| 024 8# - OTHER STANDARD IDENTIFIER | |
| Standard number or code | https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2025.1359281 |
| 040 ## - CATALOGING SOURCE | |
| Original cataloging agency | MX-TxCIM |
| 041 ## - LANGUAGE CODE | |
| Language code of text/sound track or separate title | eng |
| 100 1# - MAIN ENTRY--PERSONAL NAME | |
| Personal name | Lakhena, K.K. |
| 9 (RLIN) | 40855 |
| 245 10 - TITLE STATEMENT | |
| Title | Impact of nine years of conservation tillage and precise nutrient management on equivalent yields, soil microbial dynamics, and water-energy footprints of the maize–mustard rotation |
| 260 ## - PUBLICATION, DISTRIBUTION, ETC. (IMPRINT) | |
| Place of publication, distribution, etc. | Switzerland : |
| Name of publisher, distributor, etc. | Frontiers Media, |
| Date of publication, distribution, etc. | 2025. |
| 500 ## - GENERAL NOTE | |
| General note | Peer review |
| 500 ## - GENERAL NOTE | |
| General note | Open Access |
| 520 ## - SUMMARY, ETC. | |
| Summary, etc. | In South Asian regions, the traditional maize–mustard rotation (MMR) has become less profitable and unsustainable due to inappropriate fertilization practices and the degradation of soil properties. Therefore, climate-smart and sustainable farm practices are necessary to mitigate production risks and improve soil properties. This study evaluated the long-term impacts of conservation tillage and nutrient management on equivalent yields, soil microbial properties, and water-energy savings. A long-term field experiment was initiated 9 years ago, using the split-plot design to evaluate the three conservation tillage (CA)-based crop establishment practices, i.e., zero tillage (ZT) and conventional tillage (CT), permanent beds (PNB). Each practice was accompanied by the recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF), improved RDF (RDFI), and nutrient expert-guided (NEI) fertilization. CA-based tillage (ZT or PNB) resulted in 24.4–25.2% greater maize grain equivalent yields (EY) compared to the CT, while the NEI and RDFI produced statistically (p = 0.05) identical EY, being 26.6–30.3% greater than the RDF. These practices substantially reduced the water footprints, besides 11.9–12.9% and 23.4–26.6% (9-yrs average) greater water productivity compared to CT and RDF, respectively. In fact, at 0–45 cm soil depth, residues retained ZT or PNB had 31.9–42.2%, 56.5–67.2%, and 16.5–18.3% more bacterial (107), fungi (104), and actinomycetes (104) populations, respectively. Across soil depths, ZT or PNB recorded 7.65–11% and 23.2–31.9% greater soil microbial biomass-C and -P, respectively. Compared to CT-based practices, these practices also improved soil mineralizable N (NO3− N/NH4+ N). The conventionally tilled plots consumed greater direct and indirect non-renewable energy than the CA-based residue-retaining practices. By virtue of residue retention, the PNB and ZT had ~108% greater energy input (EI) than the CT, whereas it was vice versa in terms of the energy output (EO). The NEI registered a 7.6–28.7% higher EO than the RDFI and RDF. These long-term field studies demonstrated that adopting CA-based ZT, or PNB, in combination with precise nutrient management would enhance equivalent yields and soil microbial dynamics, besides improving water-energy footprints in maize–mustard growing ecologies. |
| 546 ## - LANGUAGE NOTE | |
| Language note | Text in English |
| 650 #7 - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | Conservation tillage |
| Source of heading or term | AGROVOC |
| 9 (RLIN) | 1056 |
| 650 #7 - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | Soil microorganisms |
| Source of heading or term | AGROVOC |
| 9 (RLIN) | 7739 |
| 650 #7 - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | Nutrients |
| Source of heading or term | AGROVOC |
| 9 (RLIN) | 1192 |
| 650 #7 - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | Expert systems |
| Source of heading or term | AGROVOC |
| 9 (RLIN) | 40860 |
| 650 #7 - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | Yields |
| Source of heading or term | AGROVOC |
| 9 (RLIN) | 1313 |
| 650 #7 - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | Maize |
| Source of heading or term | AGROVOC |
| 9 (RLIN) | 1173 |
| 650 #7 - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | Mustard |
| Source of heading or term | AGROVOC |
| 9 (RLIN) | 12552 |
| 650 #7 - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | Crop rotation |
| Source of heading or term | AGROVOC |
| 9 (RLIN) | 1807 |
| 650 #7 - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM | |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element | Water footprint |
| Source of heading or term | AGROVOC |
| 9 (RLIN) | 19411 |
| 700 1# - ADDED ENTRY--PERSONAL NAME | |
| Personal name | Pooniya, V. |
| 9 (RLIN) | 4066 |
| 700 1# - ADDED ENTRY--PERSONAL NAME | |
| Personal name | Biswakarma, N. |
| 9 (RLIN) | 22691 |
| 700 1# - ADDED ENTRY--PERSONAL NAME | |
| Personal name | Zhiipao, R.R. |
| 9 (RLIN) | 22690 |
| 700 1# - ADDED ENTRY--PERSONAL NAME | |
| Personal name | Singh, A. |
| 9 (RLIN) | 39978 |
| 700 1# - ADDED ENTRY--PERSONAL NAME | |
| Personal name | Kumar, D. |
| 9 (RLIN) | 5693 |
| 700 1# - ADDED ENTRY--PERSONAL NAME | |
| Personal name | Shivay, Y.S. |
| 9 (RLIN) | 40861 |
| 700 1# - ADDED ENTRY--PERSONAL NAME | |
| Personal name | Govindasamy, P. |
| 9 (RLIN) | 40862 |
| 700 1# - ADDED ENTRY--PERSONAL NAME | |
| Personal name | Bana, R.S. |
| 9 (RLIN) | 25271 |
| 700 1# - ADDED ENTRY--PERSONAL NAME | |
| Personal name | Rathore, S.S. |
| 9 (RLIN) | 7503 |
| 700 1# - ADDED ENTRY--PERSONAL NAME | |
| Personal name | Upadhayay, P.K. |
| 9 (RLIN) | 40864 |
| 700 1# - ADDED ENTRY--PERSONAL NAME | |
| Personal name | Barman, A. |
| 9 (RLIN) | 40865 |
| 700 1# - ADDED ENTRY--PERSONAL NAME | |
| Personal name | Swarnalakshmi, K. |
| 9 (RLIN) | 22692 |
| 700 1# - ADDED ENTRY--PERSONAL NAME | |
| Personal name | Choudhary, R.L. |
| 9 (RLIN) | 40866 |
| 700 1# - ADDED ENTRY--PERSONAL NAME | |
| Personal name | Jat, R.D. |
| 9 (RLIN) | 6944 |
| 700 1# - ADDED ENTRY--PERSONAL NAME | |
| Personal name | Ramakrishnan, S. |
| 9 (RLIN) | 40867 |
| 700 1# - ADDED ENTRY--PERSONAL NAME | |
| Personal name | Jat, S.L. |
| 9 (RLIN) | 2235 |
| 700 1# - ADDED ENTRY--PERSONAL NAME | |
| Personal name | Jat, R.K. |
| Miscellaneous information | Borlaug Institute for South Asia |
| Field link and sequence number | INT3419 |
| 9 (RLIN) | 953 |
| 773 0# - HOST ITEM ENTRY | |
| Title | Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems |
| Place, publisher, and date of publication | Switzerland : Frontiers Media, 2025. |
| Related parts | v. 9, art. 1359281 |
| International Standard Serial Number | 2571-581X |
| 856 4# - ELECTRONIC LOCATION AND ACCESS | |
| Link text | Open Access through DSpace |
| Uniform Resource Identifier | https://hdl.handle.net/10883/36302 |
| 942 ## - ADDED ENTRY ELEMENTS (KOHA) | |
| Koha item type | Article |
| Suppress in OPAC | No |
| Source of classification or shelving scheme | Dewey Decimal Classification |
| Date last seen | Total Checkouts | Price effective from | Koha item type | Lost status | Source of classification or shelving scheme | Damaged status | Not for loan | Collection code | Withdrawn status | Home library | Current library | Date acquired |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 12/09/2025 | 12/09/2025 | Article | Not Lost | Dewey Decimal Classification | CIMMYT Staff Publications Collection | CIMMYT Knowledge Center: John Woolston Library | CIMMYT Knowledge Center: John Woolston Library | 12/09/2025 |