Importance of facultative varieties in wheat production
Mishveladze, B.A.
Importance of facultative varieties in wheat production - Tbilisi (Georgia) CIMMYT : 2004 - p. 332-333 - Printed
Abstract only
Facultative growth habit of wheat and rye were identified for the first time in 19th century (Damov, 1842, Bogdanov, 1890). Later facultative growth habit was also discovered in barley and oats (Regel,1915). Now it is recognized that the phenomenon of facultativeness is widely spread as in the wild so in the cultural plants. As academician N. Tsitsin ( 1954 ) has noted, the facultative habit represents rather an interesting peculiarity. In such plants the typical characteristics of winter and spring organisms coexist. Investigation of this phenomenon is of great theoretical and practical importance, as at fall sowings such forms and varieties of plants give the same crops as at spring sowings. Frequently in East Georgia due to the strong and long spring winds and rains hundred and thousands of hectares of winter wheat crops are damaged and the farmer is left with no reserve sowing material. Despite of the availability of the certain assortment of facultative wheat varieties, they are not introduced into the common practice. Proceeding from the above-mentioned, we have aimed to assess the value of an American variety of wheat Copper in Kvemo Kartli region. The mentioned variety was sown in autumn (October 25) and spring (March 14) using the identical sowing practice. Phenological and disease resistance notes were taken. In both seasons the bundles cut out from the fields were analyzed for the biometric charac- teristics at the stage of complete maturity. Analyses were focused on the yield compo- nents. Number of spikes per plant in winter wheat was 4.8, while spring wheat developed 3.6 spikes. Grain weight per spike in case of winter wheat amounted to 1.4 g, while that of spring wheat was 1.2 g. The number of grains per spike was 38 and 29 and 1000 kernel weight 43.1 g and 39.1 g in winter and summer wheats respectively. Winter wheat yielded 33.7 c/ha, while yield of spring wheat was 29.1c/ha. Thus, the experiments ascertained that fa- cultative wheat variety Copper is one of the pro- mising varieties for the K vemo Kartli environment, which can be successfully applied as the reserve variety in case of massive crop destruction due to adverse environment conditions. It can be freely used in any wheat cultivation area in Georgia.
English
Barley
Disease resistance
Environmental conditions
Growth disorders
Oats
Seed production
Sowing
Varieties
Wheat
CIMMYT
633.1147 / BED
Importance of facultative varieties in wheat production - Tbilisi (Georgia) CIMMYT : 2004 - p. 332-333 - Printed
Abstract only
Facultative growth habit of wheat and rye were identified for the first time in 19th century (Damov, 1842, Bogdanov, 1890). Later facultative growth habit was also discovered in barley and oats (Regel,1915). Now it is recognized that the phenomenon of facultativeness is widely spread as in the wild so in the cultural plants. As academician N. Tsitsin ( 1954 ) has noted, the facultative habit represents rather an interesting peculiarity. In such plants the typical characteristics of winter and spring organisms coexist. Investigation of this phenomenon is of great theoretical and practical importance, as at fall sowings such forms and varieties of plants give the same crops as at spring sowings. Frequently in East Georgia due to the strong and long spring winds and rains hundred and thousands of hectares of winter wheat crops are damaged and the farmer is left with no reserve sowing material. Despite of the availability of the certain assortment of facultative wheat varieties, they are not introduced into the common practice. Proceeding from the above-mentioned, we have aimed to assess the value of an American variety of wheat Copper in Kvemo Kartli region. The mentioned variety was sown in autumn (October 25) and spring (March 14) using the identical sowing practice. Phenological and disease resistance notes were taken. In both seasons the bundles cut out from the fields were analyzed for the biometric charac- teristics at the stage of complete maturity. Analyses were focused on the yield compo- nents. Number of spikes per plant in winter wheat was 4.8, while spring wheat developed 3.6 spikes. Grain weight per spike in case of winter wheat amounted to 1.4 g, while that of spring wheat was 1.2 g. The number of grains per spike was 38 and 29 and 1000 kernel weight 43.1 g and 39.1 g in winter and summer wheats respectively. Winter wheat yielded 33.7 c/ha, while yield of spring wheat was 29.1c/ha. Thus, the experiments ascertained that fa- cultative wheat variety Copper is one of the pro- mising varieties for the K vemo Kartli environment, which can be successfully applied as the reserve variety in case of massive crop destruction due to adverse environment conditions. It can be freely used in any wheat cultivation area in Georgia.
English
Barley
Disease resistance
Environmental conditions
Growth disorders
Oats
Seed production
Sowing
Varieties
Wheat
CIMMYT
633.1147 / BED