Studying genetics of the vegetative period in common wheat
Aliev, E.B.
Studying genetics of the vegetative period in common wheat - Tbilisi (Georgia) CIMMYT : 2004 - p. 240 - Printed
It is known that under the conditions of the short daylength (11-13 hours) and fall planting (providing for 90-100 days of vernalization), numbers of days to maturity and length of the stages of wheat development are mainly associated with the sensi- tivity of the genotype to short daylength. For the Azerbaijan Republic with its geographical location, the effect of short daylength on plant growth and the development stages is significant. Our long-term research that included a wide assortment of varieties from the world nurseries, allowed for the identification of significant variability in heading dates among the varieties of various sensitivity to short daylength. Under optimum weather conditions in spring, the differences between contrasting varieties may be up to 40 days. In early publications (Aliev, 1983, 1986,2000) it was informed that variety Sharbati Sonora (SHS), which is neutral to short daylength, possess all identified dominant genes of the ppd system. Also, it was shown that the expression of each dominant gene ppd contributed lO days. Presently, among the investigated varieties only the English variety Warden is deemed to be the extra-sensitive to short day. It heads lO days later than Ulyanovka -the variety considered for a long time a carrier of all the recessive ppd genes, and 40 days later than SHS. Results of the genetic analyses of F 2 and F 3 populations enabled us to classify varieties by the degree of sensitivity to short daylength and by the number of dominant ppd genes. Class I -extra-sensitive varieties (such as Warden), all genes recessive; class II -strongly sensitive (Ulyanovka) with one dominant ppd gene; class 111- relatively sensitive (Saratovskaya-29 and Diamante) with 2 dominant ppd genes; class IV - slightly sensitive (Skorospelka-29 and Chinese Spring) with 3 dominant ppd genes; class V - neutral, insensitive SHS possibly with 4 dominant ppd genes. For the II, III and IV classes the number of dominant ppd genes has been already identified on the basis of genetic analysis of F 2 population obtained from their crosses with Warden. However, it is still to be proved that SHS possesses the fourth gene in addition to the three known ppd genes. At present, F I seeds from SHS x Warden cross are growing in the field, and we hope that the next year data will help us to answer the question. It is to be mentioned that the above classi- fication of the varieties can be used as a model enabling to determine a degree of sensitivity to short daylength and the number of dominant ppd genes in any genotype, irrespectively of the growth habit and origin. The study of the Azerbaijani varieties showed that all of them without exception possess either slight or relative sensitivity to short daylength. It is, probably, associated with the response of the Azerbaijani varieties to natural short daylength to realize its yield potential under the local environment.
English
Crossbreeding
Geographical distribution
Identification
Wheat
Genetic resources
Genotypes
Plant breeding
CIMMYT
633.1147 / BED
Studying genetics of the vegetative period in common wheat - Tbilisi (Georgia) CIMMYT : 2004 - p. 240 - Printed
It is known that under the conditions of the short daylength (11-13 hours) and fall planting (providing for 90-100 days of vernalization), numbers of days to maturity and length of the stages of wheat development are mainly associated with the sensi- tivity of the genotype to short daylength. For the Azerbaijan Republic with its geographical location, the effect of short daylength on plant growth and the development stages is significant. Our long-term research that included a wide assortment of varieties from the world nurseries, allowed for the identification of significant variability in heading dates among the varieties of various sensitivity to short daylength. Under optimum weather conditions in spring, the differences between contrasting varieties may be up to 40 days. In early publications (Aliev, 1983, 1986,2000) it was informed that variety Sharbati Sonora (SHS), which is neutral to short daylength, possess all identified dominant genes of the ppd system. Also, it was shown that the expression of each dominant gene ppd contributed lO days. Presently, among the investigated varieties only the English variety Warden is deemed to be the extra-sensitive to short day. It heads lO days later than Ulyanovka -the variety considered for a long time a carrier of all the recessive ppd genes, and 40 days later than SHS. Results of the genetic analyses of F 2 and F 3 populations enabled us to classify varieties by the degree of sensitivity to short daylength and by the number of dominant ppd genes. Class I -extra-sensitive varieties (such as Warden), all genes recessive; class II -strongly sensitive (Ulyanovka) with one dominant ppd gene; class 111- relatively sensitive (Saratovskaya-29 and Diamante) with 2 dominant ppd genes; class IV - slightly sensitive (Skorospelka-29 and Chinese Spring) with 3 dominant ppd genes; class V - neutral, insensitive SHS possibly with 4 dominant ppd genes. For the II, III and IV classes the number of dominant ppd genes has been already identified on the basis of genetic analysis of F 2 population obtained from their crosses with Warden. However, it is still to be proved that SHS possesses the fourth gene in addition to the three known ppd genes. At present, F I seeds from SHS x Warden cross are growing in the field, and we hope that the next year data will help us to answer the question. It is to be mentioned that the above classi- fication of the varieties can be used as a model enabling to determine a degree of sensitivity to short daylength and the number of dominant ppd genes in any genotype, irrespectively of the growth habit and origin. The study of the Azerbaijani varieties showed that all of them without exception possess either slight or relative sensitivity to short daylength. It is, probably, associated with the response of the Azerbaijani varieties to natural short daylength to realize its yield potential under the local environment.
English
Crossbreeding
Geographical distribution
Identification
Wheat
Genetic resources
Genotypes
Plant breeding
CIMMYT
633.1147 / BED